The plasma lipid and lipoprotein responses to two modified isoenergetic diets including meat were studied in 15 free living men with hyperlipidaemia (mean plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations 8·1 and 3·4 mmol/l). A reference diet (diet A, 42% energy from fat, ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids (P:S ratio) 0·2) was compared with a fat reduced diet (diet B, 35% energy from fat, P:S ratio 0·5) and with a further fat modified diet supplemented with fibre (diet C, 27% energy from fat, P:S ratio 1·0). Daily intake of meat and meat products (180 g/day) was the same in each dietary period; that in diet A had a fat content typical of the average British diet, whereas that in diets B and C was based on very lean meat and meat products. During consumption of diet B the plasma cholesterol concentration fell by 8·6% and low density lipoprotein cholesterol by 11%. During consumption of diet C plasma cholesterol fell by 18·5% and low density lipoprotein cholesterol by 23·8%. Triglyceride and high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations and body weight did not change appreciably during the study. A modified diet including a moderate amount of lean meat and meat products is compatible with a reduced lipoprotein mediated risk of atherosclerotic heart disease.

The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of spraying fertile eggs of Dandarawi chicken local strain with natural white vinegar solution (NWVS) on embryonic development, physiological parameters, hatchability, post-hatch chick growth and bacterial quantity on eggshell surface. Four hundred and fifty hatching eggs of Dandarawi chicken local strain were randomly distributed into five groups of 90 eggs each. Eggs of the 1 st group were served as a control (non-treated eggs). The 2 nd group was sprayed with water as a vehicle (positive control). Eggs of the 3 rd , 4 th and 5 th groups were sprayed with three concentrations of vinegar: 1.25, 2.5 and 5%, respectively. Results showed that embryo weight, embryonic and shank lengths as well as, chick body weight, chick and shank lengths and hatchability tended to be Significantly higher (P<0.05) in eggs treated with natural white vinegar solution when compared with control eggs. While albumen weight ratio, egg shell thickness, egg weight loss ratio at 18 th day of development, embryonic mortality and hatch time were significantly (P<0.05) decreased in eggs sprayed with natural white vinegar solution when compared with control eggs. Blood constituents: RBCs, Hb and PCV%, plasma total protein, albumin, total lipids, P, Ca and T4, GH hormones were significantly increased (p<0.05), while plasma cholesterol and glucose were decreased. There was no effect on WBCs count compared to control. Internal organs of chicks at hatch and growth performance of chicks at 14 th days of age recorded significant higher values and improved feed conversion in response to spraying with natural white vinegar solution but yolk residual of chicks at hatch was less than control group. The use of natural white vinegar solution had significant influence on TBC and T. StaPhly. C.on egg shell surface either at one week or after two weeks of incubation compared to control groups. These results indicated that spraying fertile eggs of chicken (pre-incubation) with natural white vinegar solution as natural disinfectants is a good way to improve embryonic development, blood constituents, hormones, hatchability and performance of chicks.

A total number of eighty four unsexed 7 day old Japanese quail chicks were randomly divided into among four 4 dietary treatments with 3 replicate (7 birds), assigning experimental unit to investigate the effect of feeding Japanese quail chicks on diets containing different levels of Moringa oleifera leaves (MOL) on productive performance, blood constituents, hormones, antioxidant indices, immunity parameters and carcass characteristics. Dietary treatments were: The first group (control) fed a basal diet, while the other three groups were fed a basal diet supplemented with 3, 5 and 7 g of MOL / kg diet during the experimental period until 6 weeks age. Results showed that treated groups had significantly greater body weight, body weight gain, feed intake, improved feed conversion and increased significantly percentage of dressing and internal organs as well as higher values of nutrients digestibility than the control group. All treatments increased significantly (P<0.05) some blood constituents: RBCs, Hb and PCV, WBCs, plasma total protein, albumin, Ca, HDL, GPX,GSH, SOD, TAC, IgG, and T4 hormones, while plasma cholesterol, total lipids, LDL, AST, ALT and glucose were decreased. There was no effect on phosphorus (P) compared to control. It could be concluded that adding Moringa oleifera leaves at levels of 3, 5 and 7 g of MOL/kg diet improved productive performance, nutrients digestibility, blood constituents, hormones, antioxidant indices, immunity parameters and carcass characteristics

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of different levels date's by-product (Hafsh, non edible dates produced from date's factories) in the diets with yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) supplementation in water on productive and physiological performance of laying Japanese quail reared at high ambient temperature (40 o C and 45 o C with 50 % relative humidity). 54 females of 8 weeks-old were weighed and randomly divided into nine different treatments in a 3 x 3 factorial with three replicates arrangement including three date's by-product (Hafsh) levels (0, 10 and 15%) with three levels of yeast (0, 1, 2 g yeast /L) of drinking water. The results obtained that dietary contented with Hafsh or yeast and interactions between yeast level and Hafsh level had a significant effect on all the productive performance (egg production, egg weight, egg mass/hen/day, feed conversion as (g feed / g egg)) and improved egg quality in compared with control. Hafsh treatments with or without yeast have significant (p<0.05) difference in some blood biochemical parameters and hormones of quail, i.e., total protein, albumin, total lipids, HDL, progesterone and triiodothyronine hormones were increased , while serum cholesterol and glucose concentrations were decreased significantly (P< 0.05) birds' in compared with control group. The nutrients digestibilities were improved significantly (P< 0.05) by treatment groups. It may be concluded that the application of 2.0g yeast/liter (in water) with diet contented 10% Hafsh improved the productive performance, egg quality, some physiological parameters, nutrients digestibilities and carcass weight of laying Japanese Quail under high environmental temperature.