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Adaptive changes of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism induced by 7, 15, 30, 60, 90, 150 and 200 days of fasting were investigated in red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.). Plasma glucose, lactate and free fatty acids (FFA) levels, liver and muscle glycogen and total lipid contents and rates of FFA release from mesenteric adipose tissue (MAT) were measured. Plasma glucose levels showed significant differences only after 90 days of fasting, when glycemia was 34% lower (50±5mg.dL -1 ) than fed fish values (74±1mg.dL -1 ), remaining relatively constant until 200 days of fasting. The content of liver glycogen (»15%) in fed tilapia fell 40% in 7 days of food deprivation. In 60, 90 and 150 days of fasting, plasma FFA levels increased 49%, 64% and 90%, respectively, compared to fed fish values. In agreement with the increase in plasma FFA, fasting induced a clear increase in lipolytic activity of MAT incubated in vitro. Addition of isobutylmethylxanthine (cAMP-phosphodiesterase inhibitor) and isoproterenol (non selective beta adrenergic agonist) to the incubation medium induced a reduction of lipolysis in fasted fish, differently to what was observed in mammal adipose tissue. This study allowed a physiological assessment of red tilapia response to starvation.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the elemental composition of fifteen algae-based supplements commonly sold in the Portuguese market, by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence. Despite the fact that the majority of Kelp samples were a good source of iodine, the levels observed might well contribute to an excess in the human body, which can cause dysfunction of the thyroid gland. Furthermore, the presence of lead in Sea spaghetti, Arame, Hijiki and Wakame caused a considerable risk to public health vis a vis possible ingestion of a high daily dose. Regarding arsenic, great variability was observed in all the samples with concentrations equal to or above 60 μg/g in the case of Arame, KelpJ and Hijiki. Although algae mainly accumulate organic arsenic, some also contain high levels of its inorganic form, as is commonly pointed out for Hijiki. Thus, regular ingestion of these supplements must also take into account the mentioned facts. There is no doubt that these supplements are also good sources of other nutrients, but the lack of accurate regulations and control should alert consumers to avoid indiscriminate use of these types of products.

A intoxicação exógena ocorre quando o indivíduo entra em contato com alguma substância que cause prejuízo para a homeostase corporal. Os principais intoxicantes encontrados são medicamentos, agrotóxicos, raticidas, produtos químicos de limpeza doméstica, entre outros. A intoxicação por esses agentes pode contribuir para o surgimento de algum agravo para saúde da população. No Brasil, o governo classifica a intoxicação exógena como uma doença ou agravo de notificação compulsória. Objetivo: Investigar o perfil epidemiológico de intoxicações exógenas no município de Ceres-GO. Método: Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo, de abordagem quantitativa de análise documental, pela coleta de dados de intoxicação a ser realizada no SINAN Net, entre os anos de 2008 e 2017. o processamento dos dados e a criação dos gráficos foram feitos no Microsoft Excel para demonstração dos valores em porcentagem das variáveis selecionadas. Resultados: Foram encontrados 537 casos com pico de notificações de 2011 a 2013, 35,8% dos casos ocorreram com morados de Ceres. O sexo feminino foi 16% mais acometido por intoxicações que o sexo masculino, e a faixa etária com maior número de casos compreendeu a idade de 15 a 49 anos. A circunstância de intoxicação com maior expressividade foi na tentativa de suicídio (54%) e o agente tóxico com maior número de ocorrências foi medicamentos com 47% do total. Na análise da escolaridade o campo mais preenchido no formulário foi o “Ignorados/brancos” totalizando 44,32% das ocorrências registradas no período estudado. Conclusão: Se faz necessário a elaboração de políticas públicas na prevenção de suicídios e promoção do uso racional de medicamentos. E uma campanha de conscientização de preenchimento do formulário de notificação voltada pra o profissional de saúde responsável.

Methamidophos (MET) is a pesticide that has toxic properties, including effects on fertility. This study aimed to assess the joint action of treatment time and exposure to methamidophos on the male reproductive system. MET was orally administered to adult male Swiss mice at a dose of 0.004 mg.kg −1 for 15 and 50 consecutive days. The following parameters were evaluated: weight of reproductive organs, spermatogenesis, sperm and Sertoli cell count, daily sperm production and sperm transit time. Short-term exposure to methamidophos induced a decrease in epididymal weight. The frequency of stages V-VI of spermatogenesis increased and the frequency of stage IX decreased. In the epididymis, sperm transit time (caput/corpus) was reduced and the relative sperm number (cauda) increased. Long-term exposure induced an increase in the frequencies of stages I-IV and V-VI and decreased the stages VII-VIII and IX. The number of Sertoli cells with evident nucleoli was reduced in both exposures. These results confirm the reproductive toxicity of MET.