HIV prevention efforts with gay men in relationships frequently omit primary partners. When they are considered, examinations of race/ethnicity are often overlooked despite higher infection rates among gay men of colour. Acknowledging both the need to contextualise the behaviours that may affect HIV risk for gay men of colour and the disproportionate impact of HIV on Latino gay men, the present study utilised semi-structured, qualitative interviews to explore relationship dynamics, sexual agreements and behaviours, and safer sex choices and HIV risk among nine Latino gay male couples. All participants were HIV-negative and in concordant negative relationships. Additionally, nearly all reported closed agreements. Analysis revealed participants engaging in four behaviours that may actively reduce their HIV risk: approaching sexual agreements from a practical standpoint, maintaining a high literacy around HIV, having exposure to social support groups for Latino gay men, and finding support in their relationship with another Latino gay man. Additional issues are raised where long-term HIV prevention is concerned. Intimate relationships are an important context for understanding both HIV risk and prevention among Latino gay men. Likewise, race/ethnicity provides an indispensable perspective on all research with gay couples. Future prevention efforts with gay men must strive to include both.

We study the design of an economic incentive based program - a subsidy - to induce adoption of more efficient technology in a pollution reduction program in southern Chile. Stated preferences methods, contingent valuation (CV), and choice experiment (CE) are used to estimate the probability of adoption and the willingness to share the cost of a new technology by a household. The cost-effectiveness property of different subsidy schemes is explored numerically for different regulatory objectives. Our results suggest that households are willing to participate in voluntary programs and to contribute by paying a share of the cost of adopting more efficient technologies. We find that attributes of the existing and the new technology, beyond the price, are relevant determinant factors of the participation decision and payment. Limited access to credit markets for low income families can be a major barrier for an effective implementation of these types of programs. Variations in the design of the subsidy and on the regulator's objective and constraints can have significant impact on the level and the cost of reduction of aggregate emissions achieved.

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Objetivo: Determinar la presencia de caries dental y sus consecuencias clínicas relacionadas al impacto en la calidad de vida de preescolares de la institución educativa N° 2051 “El Progreso” en el 2018. Materiales y méto- dos: Estudio transversal y observacional. Se realizó una exploración clínica a 95 niños de 3-5 años, registrando la caries dental mediante los índices ceo-d y pufa. Se aplicó el ECOHIS dirigido a los responsables, para evaluar el impacto en la calidad de vida de los niños y sus familias. Las pruebas estadísticas utilizadas fueron t-Student, Kruskal-Wallis y U Mann-Whitney, con significancia 0,05; y Coeficiente de Spearman 0,01. Resultados: La frecuencia de caries dental 98,84%, con índice ceo-d 9,58±3,45 correspondiente al nivel de severidad muy alto; y las consecuencias clínicas de caries dental no tratada 83,16%, índice pufa 7,65±4,97 y radio pufa 83,18%. El ECOHIS mostró un promedio 23,41±11,82, siendo las dimensiones más afectadas limitación funcional y aspec- tos psicológicos, reflejando un impacto negativo en la calidad de vida relacionada a su salud bucal. Según el coeficiente de Spearman, la relación entre la presencia de caries dental (r=0,630) y sus consecuencias clínicas (r=0,649), con el impacto en la calidad de vida, muestran una correlación directa positiva moderada significativa (p=0,000). Los índices del sexo masculino fueron ceo-d 24,46±12,11 y pufa 28,88±7,03; y del grupo de 5 años fueron ceo-d 29,71±6,30 y pufa 29,71±6,30. Conclusiones: La caries dental y sus consecuencias clínicas están relacionadas al impacto negativo en la calidad de vida a nivel bucal de los preescolares, interfiriendo en sus ac- tividades diarias.