Human resource refers to the stock of productive skills and technical knowledge embodied in labor. It is tangible in nature. Many early economic theories refer to it simply as labor, one of the three factors of production, and consider it to be a fungible resource -- homogeneous and easily interchangeable. The goal of human resource management is to help an organization to meet strategic goals by attracting, and retaining employees and also to manage them effectively so that they deliver productive outputs. The key word here perhaps is "fit", i.e. a HRM approach seeks to ensure a fit between the management of an organization’s employees, and the overall strategic direction of the company. Human capital instead, refers to the intangible aspect of human resources. It enhances the value of employees by striking a win-win goal for employers and employees. It focuses on the intrinsic value of each employee, where any expenditure on employees is regarded as an investment rather than an expense. The varying talents and motivations of employees are given cognizance so that incentives and working arrangements can be created to enhance each employee's contributions to organizational performance. This paper distinguishes human capital from human resources and how human resource may be transformed into human capital.

The aim of this study was to identify the needs of prospective MBA with reference to three MBA programmes offered by a university. The three programmes are conventional MBA full time programme, conventional MBA part time programme and the fast track one year executive MBA programme. The research design was a cross-sectional field study. The research instrument was a structured questionnaire. A convenience sampling techniques was used to select the respondents. Based on the review of literature, six propositions were developed to be tested. The result of the study found that selection of the MBA programme was based on the needs of the respondents. The study also found that there was no association between age, sex, highest educational qualification and reason for studying MBA with choice of MBA programme. There was a significant relationship between employment and work experience with choice of MBA programme. Ability to choose the specialization they want for their job ranked first among reasons for selecting the conventional MBA programmes. The opportunity to pursue a one year fast track programme which was more manageable for working adults like them ranked first as the reason for selecting the executive MBA programme. Of the six research propositions, four were rejected while two were not rejected.

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This study aims to ascertain the relationship between the integrated reporting quality (IRQ) disclosures and the implied cost of equity capital (ICC) in the developed markets of Australia and New Zealand. The study provides empirical results on whether companies producing higher-quality integrated reporting (IR) under a regular process can reduce equity capital costs. This study focuses on the benefits of IR and notes that there is actually more information asymmetry between firms and investors than previously believed. The study concludes that IR plays a salient role in capital costs (when information asymmetry is greater) than cross-sectional tests. The 100 companies studied were chosen based on Standard and Poor market capitalization listed in Australia and New Zealand from 2014 until 2016. The study considered a total of 870 observations of post-implementation IR. Further, data were collected from a validated secondary database. This study showed a significant, negative relationship between IRQ and the ICC in the developed market. The results of this study encourage companies that have not yet adopted IR to do so for accelerating reduction in the ICC. Consequently, this study can help promote IR and attract more countries to implement IR policies to enhance IR research.