No abstract

Radio signals detected from the ground are very weak since it travels far from the universe. Radio wave carries photons with low energies compared to other electromagnetic spectra such as visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and the most energetic electromagnetic wave is gamma-rays. The microwave region is the shortest wavelength of radio waves. Hence, microwave photons have greater energy. Radio astronomy studies are restricted due to radio frequency interference (RFI) that produces by human daily activities. If this disturbance is not shrinkage, it poses critical problems in radio observation. There are many factors of man-made RFI, such as, the availability of mobile telecommunications, radio transmission, TV broadcasting, satellite communication, vehicular traffic area, power transmission line and many more. In this paper, we present a preliminary study of the radio sources (electronic system in the car) from the vehicular traffic area (highway) on radio astronomy observation. This study is important to assess how the vehicles  affect the radio signal in radio astronomical sources of low frequency such as hydrogen line and deuterium (which wavelength more than 1mm). These research findings would benefit radio astronomy research, especially to profile the RFI pattern in Malaysia.

The aimed of the project is to develop and produce a web-based homework system (WBH)

No abstract

E-Court function is to manage electronic records in court. E-Court is expected to give such a lot of help for effective judicial delivery in Malaysia. Thus, by this research the implementation of e-Court is going to be explored in order to improve the system at all courts in Malaysia. This research applied qualitative case study methodology and data collection will be conducted at three units of high courts and will interview the stakeholders of the e-Court system. This is a conceptual paper to explore the implementation of e-Court system in Malaysian Judiciary, investigate judicial delivery issues in Malaysia and to propose a legal framework for e-Court in Malaysian civil courts. The study reviews literature on e-Court system and surveys from Malaysia and others countries. Studies related to this topic were analyzed and discussed throughout the paper in the context of implementation process, the judicial delivery issues and the future legal framework to be proposed.