Purpose: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and complications of percutaneous curved vertebroplasty in treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures.Methods: Patients with single vertebral osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures were selected. The patients were divided into Percutaneous curved vertebroplasty group and Percutaneous vertebroplasty group.Distribution and leakage of bone cement and recovery of the height of the anterior edge of the injured vertebra were observed. VAS and ODI were assessed preoperatively 1 day and 1 year postoperatively. Postoperative follow-up was conducted for 1 year to observe the occurrence of adjacent vertebral fractures. The trial was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University. Results: Compared with the percutaneous vertebroplasty group, distribution of bone cement was more uniform and satisfactory, the leakage rate of bone cement was lower in the percutaneous curved vertebroplasty group. Both the visual analogue scale score and Oswestry disability index of the two groups at 1 day and I year after surgery were significantly improved compared with those before surgery (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in VAS and ODI. The height of the anterior edge of the injured vertebral body of the two groups improved significantly(P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference between the two groups . There was no significant difference in the incidence of adjacent vertebral fractures between the two groups..Conclusion: The results show that PCVP has beneficial to the uniform distribution of bone cement in the fracture vertebrae and reduce the leakage of bone cement.