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Novel composites (CPDA@A‐ACs) of carbonized polydopamine (CPDA) and asphalt‐based activated carbons (A‐ACs) were successfully synthesized, and characterized for adsorption separation of ethane/ethylene. The resulting CPDA@A‐ACs exhibited high Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area of 1971 m2/g. The O and N contents on CPDA@A‐ACs are higher than those on A‐ACs due to the introduction of CPDA. Interestingly, CPDA@A‐ACs exhibited great preferential adsorption of ethane over ethylene. Its ethane capacity reached as high as 7.12 mmol/g at 100 kPa and 25°C, and its ethane/ethylene adsorption selectivity became higher compared to A‐ACs, reaching as high as 3.0∼20.6 below 100 kPa, significantly superior to the reported ethane‐selective adsorbents. Simulation results revealed the mechanism of enhanced selectivity toward C2H6/C2H4, and suggested that the surface oxygen functionalities of the composites play predominant role in enhancing ethane/ethylene adsorption selectivity. Fixed‐bed experiments showed that C2H6/C2H4 mixtures can be well separated at room temperature, suggesting great potential for industrial C2H6/C2H4 separation. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 3390–3399, 2018

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