This paper investigates the impact of remittances (internal and external) on consumption and investment behavior of the households. The literature on the impact of remittances on consumption and investment, however, is exceptional, in context of Pakistan. To examine the impact of remittances, primary data was collected from the field survey of four main villages of Tehsil Sargodha (Punjab) Pakistan. The methodology used for the study, is regression model. The results show that remittances has positively related with consumption and investment. Furthermore, the study found the household behavior regarding consumption and investment is positive.

In this paper, the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) is used

Back ground: Recurrent laryngeal nerves being adjacent to the thyroid glands are prone to surgical trauma by thyroid surgery done for thyroid disease leading to vocal cord paralysis. Aim: To determine frequency of vocal cord paralysis in thyroidectomy Methodology: This is a descriptive cases series was completed in 6 months [December 4, 2019 till June 4, 2020] at Department ENT, Sir Ganga Ram hospital Lahore. The sample technique used is non-probability consecutive sampling .All 170 patients meeting inclusion criteria were inducted in the study from ENT SGR hospital, Lahore. Results: The mean age of all patients was 39.52±11.30 years with minimum and maximum age as 20 and 60 years. There were 91(53.5%) cases that were 20-40 years old and 79(46.5%) cases were 41-60 years old. There were 62(36.5%) male and 108(63.5%) female cases with higher female to male ratio. In 96(56.5%) cases left side and in 74(43.5%) cases right side was involved. There were 37(21.8%) who had vocal cord paralysis while 133(78.2%) cases did not have vocal cord paralysis. Conclusion: It is concluded that high number of patients i.e. 21.8% had vocal cord paralysis, so in future ENT surgeons should adopt safety measures for prevention of VCP such anatomical considerations of the sensitive area Keywords: ENT, thyroidectomy, complications, vocal cord paralysis

Background: Endoscopic Sinus Surgery is a minimally invasive procedure that involves the use of an endoscope to improve sinus airflow and drainage as well as the removal of polyps. The extent of surgery varies depending on the severity of the condition and the surgeon's experience. This method has been utilized to treat sinonasal problems for over a decade. Aim: To find the frequency of success of Endoscopic Surgery in patients of Nasal Polyposis. Study design: Descriptive (Prospective) case series. Setting & duration: Department of ENT Unit II, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore from 27-01-2021 to 26-07-2021. Methods: In current study, 80 patients of Nasal Polyposis were enrolled. All Patients were undergone Endoscopic Surgery procedure, following the patient at 3 weeks post-operatively as per operational definition addressed by success. Post-stratification chi-square test was applied. Results: Regarding age distribution, mean age was observed 37.60±4.479 years ranged from 30 to 45 years.35 patients were below 38 years of age whereas 45 patients were either 38 years or above. Out of 80 patients, 44 patients (55%) were male while remaining 36 patients (45%) were female. Frequency of patient success after Endoscopic surgery in Nasal polyposis was 64(80%). Conclusion: In conclusion, the success of the patients was considered to be high and comparable to recent literatures both local and international. The percentage of success of patients was higher i.e. 80%. Key words: Success, Endoscopic sinus surgery, Nasal Polyposis.