Purpose This study aims to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of N. gaditana on streptozotocin (STZ)induced diabetes mellitus in Wistar rats. Methods Diabetes was induced in male Wistar rats by single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (45 mg/kg). Male rats were fed on control diet supplemented or not with N. gaditana (10%) for a period of 2 months. At the end of the experiment, biochemical parameters and oxidant/antioxidant markers in liver and pancreas tissues, as well as mitochondria isolated from liver of rats, were determined.Results It was notice that levels of glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA 1c ), lipid profile, kidney functions and liver enzymes in addition to markers of the inflammatory reactions interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) increased significantly (P < 0.05) in diabetic rats. Moreover, undesirable alterations of oxidative stress markers of tissue and mitochondria isolated from the liver were noted in these rats. N. gaditana supplementation was shown effective in lowering the levels of glucose, HbA 1c and improving the renal and hepatic function and also in attenuating the oxidative stress and inflammation in diabetic rats. Conclusion N. gaditana possesses antioxidant properties that might have beneficial effect in treatment of diabetes.

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