The heat transfer characteristics for the process tubes of a cracking furnace and the combustion chamber wall of a liquid oxygen/gas hydrogen rocket engine, both of which use multiple nozzles, are very important in terms of performance and safety. In order to determine the heat transfer characteristics of the combustion chamber wall, the present study investigates both experimentally and numerically the combustion characteristics of H 2 /air annular jet flames using multiple shear coaxial nozzles in a small combustion chamber under normal conditions. Three-dimensional simulations are performed in order to clarify the flame-flame interaction. The standard k- model is used as the turbulence model, and so the evaluation of the model for multiple nozzles is also an objective of the present study. Each flame appears as an independent flame until amalgamation, at which point the temperature increases. Further downstream, the high-temperature regions once again merge and form a large flame. At this point, the flame becomes squeezed and the temperature distribution spreads rapidly in the radial direction downstream. The wall heat flux is strongly influenced by the flow characteristics. Heat transport is weak in the near field. The turbulent heat transport downstream is dominant where turbulence is developed, and thus the wall heat flux is increased. An increase in Reynolds number based on the airflow Re air shifts the peak position of the wall heat flux upstream because the turbulent heat transport is enhanced. The increase in the recess shifts the amalgamation position upstream and shortens the flame length. Spreading of the flame is also suppressed. The temperature decreases downstream. The increase in the recess leads to a reduction in EINOx. Under the present experimental conditions, the numerical method reproduces the combustion characteristics with a high degree of certainty.

Abstract-Web services are client and server applications that communicate over hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) of the world wide web's (WWW).Web services are built around the Web browser standards and can be used by any browser on any platform. However, web browsers themselves lack the ability to analyst and process web data offline as users need. In order to perform data analysis, users have to output data from web sites in CSV or XML format, and have spreadsheet software (such as Microsoft Excel, etc.) imported the data. This inconvenient and time-consuming task is a bottle neck in analyzing data of web applications. The objective of this paperis to present a methodology that employs Excel as a toolfor web serviceintegration and offline data processing. Furthermore, this paper presents the technical feature comparison between webbrowsers and Excel in aspect of web application client. Based on this methodology, we have developed an Excel-based online accommodation search program thatintegrates web services of Google Map and Rakuten Travel which is the biggest accommodation booking web site of Japan.

A search of electric-pulse induced genes in Escherichia coli was carried out by operon fusion techniques with a hybrid bacteriophage Mu, which creates transcriptional fusions of the structural gene of P-galactosidase to the host. Among two hundred transductants tested, nine colonies showed higher expression of more than twofold when they were treated with electric pulses. An electric-pulse stimulated transductant was not stimulated by UV irradiation, which is known to induce an SOS response. Conversely, strain PQ37, which has an operon fusion in one of the SOS genes, did not respond to an electric pulse treatment. A possibility of the presence of the electric-pulse stimulated genes, which were not induced by DNA damages, was suggested.

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