BACKGROUND: Oxidative stress is closely related to all aspects of cancer. Cosmos caudatus ethanolic extract (CCEE) has been proved to have antioxidant effect that inhibited cancer cell growth due to its bioactive compounds such as catechin, quercetin and chlorogenic acid. This study aimed to evaluate antioxidant and anticancer activity of CCEE and its compounds.METHODS: Total phenol was measured according to the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Catechin, quercetin and chlorogenic acid contained in CCEE were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Antioxidant activity was evaluated by 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS)-reducing activity, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) activity test. The cytotoxic activity of CCEE was determined by MTS [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium] assay on HeLa cells.RESULTS: The result showed that total phenol of CCEE was 181.64±0.93 µg Cathecin/mg extract. ABTSreducing activity test showed that catechin had the highest activity (2.90±0.04 µg/mL), while CCEE had moderate activity compared to other compounds. FRAP activity test demonstrated that catechin had the highest activity (315.83 µM Fe(II)/µg) compared to other compounds. DPPH scavenging activity of CCEE was 22.82±0.05 µg/mL. Cytotoxicity test on HeLa cell showed that CCEE had lower activity (inhibitory concentration (IC)50= 89.90±1.30 µg/mL) compared to quercetin (IC50 = 13.30±0.64 µg/ mL).CONCLUSION: CCEE has the lowest antioxidant activity compared to quercetin, catechin, and chlorogenic acid and has the lowest anticancer activity compared to quercetin. However, CCEE and its compounds has potential as antioxidant and anticancer properties.KEYWORDS: antioxidant, anticancer, catechin, Cosmos caudatus, quercetin

The materials used in the study were ripe Morinda citrifolia L., Salmonella-Shigella Agar, Mueller Hinton Agar, 70% alcohol, aqua dest, methylated spirits, pure culture of Salmonella typhi, and 0.9% physiological NaCl.The data used are primary data obtained from the results of the inhibitory test with various concentrations and contact times of ripe and half-ABSTRACT Noni fruit (Morinda citrifolia L.) contains phenol and flavonoid compounds which can function as natural antibacterials with the highest phenol content obtained from ripe Morinda citrifolia L. fruit. Phenolic compounds have been widely studied as disinfectants against broadspectrum antibacterials, namely Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the inhibitory power of ripe Morinda citrifolia L. extract against the growth of gastroenteritis-causing bacteria with the serial dilution method at concentrations of 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% with variations in a contact time of 15 ', 30', 45 'and 60'. Then proceed with a concentration of 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% with the same variation in contact time. The results showed that all concentrations of ripe Morinda citrifolia L. extract and the variation in contact time could inhibit the growth of S.Typhi bacteria with a minimum inhibitory concentration at a concentration of 10% with a contact time of 15 minutes. It needs to be continued with a toxicity test before it is used in the community.

Sejak dulu, masyarakat Indonesia telah menggunakan tanaman obat sebagai salah satu upaya dalam menanggulangi penyakit yang secara turun temurun diwariskan dari satu generasi ke generasi berikutnya. Penggunaan obat tradisional dinilai lebih aman dan memiliki efek samping yang relatif kecil daripada obat modern.(2)  Salah satu tanaman herbal yang digunakan sebagai obat tradisional adalah buah pare (Momordica charantia L.) yang lazimnya dijadikan sebagai makanan, namun saat ini telah banyak digunakan sebagai  antihelmintik, antimalaria, dismenore, pengobatan untuk eksim, sakit tenggorokan, abses, dan penyakit infeksi.(3 Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu nntuk mengetahui daya hambat air perasan buah pare terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri S.aureus dan E.coli. dan menentukan nilai Uji Daya Hambat Minimum air perasan buah pare yang masih bisa menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri S.aureus dan E.coli. Desain Penelitian menggunakan Eksperimental Laboratorium. Subyek penelitian adalah buah pare jenis lokal dan impor. Bakteri uji yang digunakan adalah S.aureus dan E.coli . Sampel :  air perasan  buah pare dengan konsentrasi 100%, 75%, 50%, dan 25% masing-masing sebanyak 5 ml. Waktu penelitian diperkirakan  memerlukan 4 minggu.’ Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: Air perasan buah pare dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri S. aureus tetapi tidak mempunyai daya hambat terhadap pertumbuhan E.coli, Air perasan buah pare (Momordica charantia L.) dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri S. aureus dengan konsentrasi minimum 25% dalam waktu kontak 30 menit. Setelah melakukan penelitian maka, beberapa rekomendasi saran yang dapat diajukan adalah Dapat dilakukan penelitian lanjutan untuk pemeriksaan Ekstrak buah Pare dan dapat dilakukan penelitian dengan metode cakram.

Salah satu upaya untuk mengobati penyakit infeksi bakteri yaitu dengan penggunaan obat modern (antibiotik), namun disamping harganya relatif mahal juga bisa menimbulkan efek samping. Penggunaan tanaman obat sebagai obat herbal telah direkomendasikan oleh WHO, karena disamping mudah diperoleh juga efek samping ditimbulkannya relatif tidak ada. Secara empiris di masyarakat pemanfaatan buah pare untuk pengobatan penyakit seperti penyakit perut, diare, demam, dan lain sebagainya telah banyak digunakan dan dipercayai bisa menyembuhkan penyakit tersebut, namun pembuktian secara ilmiah di laboratorium belum banyak dilakukan. Dari beberapa penelitian yang telah dilakukan, diketahui bahwa buah pare mengandung senyawa flavonoid dan alkaloid yang mempunyai sifat antibakteri. Mekanisme flavonoid sebagai antibakteri adalah dengan menghambat sintesis DNA, mengganggu fungsi membran sitoplasma dan menghambat transfer energi yang dibutuhkan untuk metabolisme bakteri. Sedangkan alkaloid akan mengganggu komponen penyusun peptidoglikan sel bakteri, sehingga dinding sel tidak terbentuk utuh dan menyebabkan kematian sel. Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang uji daya hambat air perasan buah pare (Momordica charantia L.) variasi konsentrasi (100%, 75%, 50%, 25%) terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli secara in vitro dengan metode konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) dalam variasi waktu (0’, 30’, 60’, 90’) . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan air perasan buah pare dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri S. aureus tetapi tidak mempunyai daya hambat terhadap pertumbuhan E.coli. Air perasan buah pare (Momordica charantia L.) dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri S. aureus dengan konsentrasi minimum 25% dalam waktu kontak 30 menit.

The adhesion of Rifampicin-resistant TB to neutrophils plays an essential role in colonization. Several active compounds in papaya leaf and Miana leaf (Coleus scutellarioides L) are believed to regulate or prevent the formation of bacterial colonies. The purpose of this study was to determine the anti-bacterial effectiveness of extracts of papaya leaf (Carica Papaya L.) and Miana leaf (Coleus scutellarioides L) against bacterial isolates of Rifampicin-Resistant TB strain (RR). This research method is a in vitro laboratory experiment, and extracts of papaya leaf and Miana leaf (50, 25, 12,5%) were tested as anti-bacterial using the M-TB susceptibility test using the Proportion Method. The results showed the anti-bacterial ability of papaya leaf extract against bacterial isolates of the MTBC-Resistant Rifampicin strain at a concentration of 50% with a resistance percentage value of 0% so that it was included in the Sensitive category, but at a concentration of 25% the resistance percentage value was 42.86% % and a concentration of 12.5%, the percentage value of resistance is 42.86% so that it is included in the category of resistance (Resistant > 1% and Sensitive < 1%). The anti-bacterial ability of miana leaf extract against bacterial isolates of the MTBC-Resistant Rifampicin strain at a concentration of 50% with a resistance percentage value of 5.33%, at a concentration of 25%, with a resistance percentage value of 17.14%, and at a concentration of 12.5%, with a resistance percentage value of 100%, so all are included in the resistant category. The Conclusion 50% papaya leaf extract inhibits the formation of Rifampicin-resistant MTBC-resistant bacterial colonies, allowing its usage as a substitute ingredient in Rifampicin-resistant MTBC-resistant medications.