Aim: Evaluate pain after using rotary instrument with different cutting motion and different number of instruments in vital mandibular teeth. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two patient with vital mandibular first molar was selected for this study. The root canal treatment was done in single visit. The patients were asked to follow general instructions and to sign a printed informed consent that explains the aim of the study and obligates the patient to fill a pain diary before the treatment, after 3 hours after finishing of the treatment, 24 hours, 48 hours, 7 days. Root canals were mechanically prepared using the different techniques (8 vital teeth in each group). Group 1: The ProTaper Next files. Group 2: A primary reciprocating WaveOne Gold file. Group 3: A small reciprocating WaveOne Gold was used in reciprocating motion followed by primary reciprocating wave one gold file. Group 4: One shape rotary file. Obturation was carried out using the manufacture recommended gutta percha by selection of a master cone corresponding to the size of the master apical file. All canals were obturated using an epoxy resin-based sealer. Results: Pre-operatively; there was no statistically significant difference between the four groups. Immediately post-operative; wave One gold (Primary) group showed the statistically significantly highest mean pain score. After 3 hours; wave One gold (Small and Primary) group showed the statistically significantly highest mean pain score. After 24 hours. 48 hours as well as 7 days; all groups showed no pain. Conclusion: Reciprocating files showed more pain than rotation files.

No abstract

Aim:The research was to detect the difference in water sorption, water solubility and push out bond strength between three bioceramic endodontic sealers (CeraSeal, NeoSEALER Flo, Well Root ST) with epoxy resin based sealer (AH plus). Materials and methods:For water sorption and solubility, we prepared thirty-two discs and incubated them until the sealers set completely. According to the type of sealer used, they were divided into four groups (n=8). The percentage of water sorption was calculated utilizing this formula: percentage of water sorption= (weight gained-initial weight /initial weight) x100. Percentage of water solubility = (water solubility / Dry weight) x100. For push out bond strength we selected forty single rooted teeth with fully formed apices. The teeth working length was measured after the teeth were decoronated. Then we performed instrumentation and irrigation. Four groups were created depending on the sealer used. Cross-sectional cuts were made perpendicular to the root's long axis for each specimen. The peak load observed was divided by the surface area to get the bond strength using the formula (A= (3.14 h (r1+r2)).Results: For solubility Ah plus showed lower solubility after 1 and 3 days but Ceraseal showed lowest solubility after 7 days. For water sorption Neosealer Flo showed lowest water sorption after 1 day but AH plus showed lowest water sorption after 3 and 7 days. For push out bond strength, for coronal section, Ah Plus and Well-Root ST showed a significant highest push out bond strength in comparison with Ceraseal and Neosealer Flo. Conclusion:The bioceramic sealers had high water solubility and water sorption which allowed release of biologically relevant ions. All the sealers bond strength meets the required standards.