Photodetectors capture optical signals with a wide range of incident photon flux density and convert them to electrical signals instantaneously. They have many important applications including imaging, optical communication, remote control, chemical/biological sensing and so on. Currently, GaN, Si and InGaAs photodetectors are used in commercially available products. Here we demonstrate a novel solution-processed photodetector based on an organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite material. Operating at room temperature, the photodetectors exhibit a large detectivity (the ability to detect weak signals) approaching 10 14 Jones, a linear dynamic range over 100 decibels (dB) and a fast photoresponse with 3-dB bandwidth up to 3 MHz. The performance is significantly better than most of the organic, quantum dot and hybrid photodetectors reported so far; and is comparable, or even better than, the traditional inorganic semiconductor-based photodetectors. Our results indicate that with proper device interface design, perovskite materials are promising candidates for low-cost, high-performance photodetectors.

No abstract

No abstract

A major breakthrough in the classification of soft tissue tumors has been the recent identification of NTRK-fusion related neoplasms which are amenable to highly effective targeted therapies. Despite these therapeutic opportunities, diagnostic challenges have emerged in recognizing tumors characterized by protein kinase fusions, as they are associated with a wide morphologic spectrum, variable risk of malignancy and a rather nonspecific immunoprofile. As such, NTRK-related fusions may occur in infantile fibrosarcoma, lipofibromatosis-like neural tumors (LPF-NTs), tumors resembling malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, etc. Triggered by an index case resembling LPF-NT but harboring RET gene rearrangement, we investigated our files for cases showing RET gene abnormalities to establish their clinicopathologic features. Tumors were tested with a combination of targeted RNA sequencing and fluorescence in situ hybridization methods. Six cases with RET gene rearrangements were identified, all except 1 occurred in children, including 4 infants. Their morphologic spectrum was quite diverse, but closely reproduced the phenotype of NTRK–fusion-positive tumors, including LPF-NTs (n=3), infantile fibrosarcoma-like tumor (n=2) and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor-like (n=1). Three cases showed coexpression of S100 and CD34, whereas the remaining 3 had a nonspecific immunoprofile. The tumors ranged morphologically and clinically from benign to highly malignant. None of the LPF-NT cases recurred, whereas 2 patients with malignant histology had a highly aggressive course with distant metastases to lung and other viscera. By targeted RNA sequencing these tumors harbored RET fusions with an identical break in exon 12, which retains the tyrosine kinase domain in the fusion oncoprotein and involving various gene partners (CLIP2, CCDC6, SPECC1L, MYH10, and NCOA4). Our results suggest that RET fusion-positive neoplasms share a similar phenotypic spectrum with the NTRK-positive tumors, displaying either fibroblastic or neural-like differentiation, and spanning a wide spectrum of clinical behavior. These findings open new avenues for targeted therapy with RET inhibitors currently available in clinical trials.