The distribution of vacA, cagA and iceA alleles in H. pylori strains in Hong Kong is similar to that in east Asia. There is a difference in the distribution of genotypes between strains in Hong Kong and those in mainland China, although strains in the two regions exhibit a very close relation. The association of these virulence genes and duodenal ulcer disease needs reappraisal, particularly under geographic considerations.

Proton pump inhibitor-based triple therapy with either clarithromycin, amoxycillin or metronidazole was one of the most commonly used and effective anti-H. pylori triple therapy regimens in Asia. The classical triple therapy with a bismuth, tetracycline and metronidazole combination has a similar efficacy. The results of anti-H. pylori treatment in Asia are not different from those in Western countries.