College students are a special group of society, having received university education and being at the forefront of new ideas and technologies in society. The basic psychological characteristics common to modern college students and the unique role psychological characteristics of ordinary students are the two major group factors. The basic psychological factors include cognition, personality, and social adaptive behavior. Hierarchical analysis (AHP) is a scientific method for assessing and identifying problems, correlating quantitative treatment of problems with qualitative analysis, and is well suited for semistructured or unstructured decision-making problems. This paper preliminarily studies the structure of College Students’ psychological quality under the background of localization and the construction method of College Students’ psychological quality evaluation model based on analytic hierarchy process. It is proposed to introduce the hierarchical analysis method into the behavioral assessment model of college students’ psychological disorders as the entry point. A model was built to help college ideological and political educators determine whether college students have psychological disorders and disorders provide important insights. The results showed that the split-half reliability of this constructed method was 0.782, and the retest reliability was 0. The standard deviation of the coefficients among all the test subjects was 0.842, indicating that there is a positive correlation between the coefficients. The standard deviation of the coefficients between all test subjects was 0.842, indicating good confidence. Therefore, the model can objectively assess the psychological state of college students and realize the quantitative safety psychological assessment of college students, which is useful for reference in the implementation of teaching decisions.