BackgroundNanoparticles are potentially used for early cancer detection, accurate diagnosis, and cancer treatment.ResultsIn this paper, the breast cancer cells treated with gold colloidal suspension were carefully studied by surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra. Raman spectroscopy combining with high-resolution electron microscope is employed to investigate the interaction of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) with the intracellular components. The TEM images show that the GNPs are taken into the living cells and enveloped into some vesicles named ‘lick up vesicles’ in the cytosol.ConclusionsThe SERS spectra and SERS mapping of cells indicate that the major Raman bands are mostly assigned to the vibration characteristics of proteins, and the C-H in-plane bending mode of the substituted benzene in Phenylalanine is remarkably enhanced. Finally, the interaction mechanisms of the GNPs with the intracellular components are further discussed in detail.

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The presence and localization of organic matrix associated with the aragonite phase in the fibers of blue coral Heliopora coerulea skeletons were studied by in situ microRaman mapping spectra, with a spatial resolution of ~0.3 μm. Spatial variations in the amounts and chemical compositions of the fibers were imaged. The results showed that the amide I and the α-helix of amide III were perpendicular to the c-axis of fibers' growth, whereas the β-turns/sheet of amide III was in the parallel conformation. Visible S-S and C-S bonds were consistent with the XANES results, which indicated the existence of organic sulfur in coral skeletons. Regular cyclic changes between aragonite and organic matrix refined a stepping growth mode of the fibers' biomineralization. An inorganic PO(4) bond was detected and exhibited the same concentration variation trends as the v(4) aragonite bands. Instead of providing an ocean P proxy on the subseasonal to centennial scale by LA-ICPMS, the possibility was raised of producing high resolution surface ocean phosphorus records on daily environmental variation via P/Ca variation cycles determined from Raman mapping data.

The stonelike otoliths from the ears of fish consist of calcium carbonate crystallites embedded in an organic matrix framework. The organic matrix has long been known to play a pivotal role in the biomineralization of otoliths, and different methods have been used to conduct investigations on it. A new sensitive method for the in situ study of the regular variations in the organic matrix composition of serial small yellow croaker otoliths by Raman microspectroscopy and mapping is described. The major collagen bands were always observed around 1,272 cm(-1) (amide III) and 1600-1690 cm(-1) (amide I), and 1443 and 2800-3100 cm(-1) (bending and stretching modes of CH groups, respectively). Aromatic amino acids, such as phenylalanine and tyrosine, were identified at 1,003 cm(-1) and at 830 and 853 cm(-1). Tryptophan was assigned at 1,555 cm(-1), and it was firstly found in otoliths. A regular calcification process in otoliths was observed in Raman spectral mapping results. Corresponding changes were clearly seen in the concentrations of the organic matrix and aragonite (CaCO3) in otoliths.

It is of practical significance for rural revitalization to clarify the gap in resilience development among different rural areas and improve the ability to cope with external interference. Combined with the strategic policy of rural revitalization in China, the evaluation index system of rural comprehensive resilience was constructed from the five dimensions of productive resilience, ecological resilience, social resilience, institutional resilience, and economic resilience. The advantages and disadvantages of rural development are determined based on a quantitative evaluation of the comprehensive resilience of rural development. This could provide a reference for decision making in rural development. This study uses the rural statistical data of nine cities (prefectures) in Jilin Province in 2019 and 2020 as an example as well as the entropy weight method to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on rural resilience development. The results showed that the pandemic situation has an obvious impact on rural economic resilience; rural areas with high ecological resilience have a strong ability to cope with the panidemic situation; and rural areas with excellent ecological environment resources have strong comprehensive resilience.