This study explores the relationship between cloud platforms, logistics operations, and sustainable development across organizational boundaries. In the past research of scholars, there is a blank area in research on the correlation between cloud platform systems, logistics services, and sustainable development. Therefore, we took international logistics as an example, selected the customers of a cloud logistics platform in the Taiwan business network as the research object, conducted a sample survey on customers in their partner transactions, and used a structured questionnaire to collect primary data through the Internet, sending out 620 questionnaires with a total of 271 valid samples recovered. The recovery rate of good models was 43.7%. This study used SPSS and AMOS tools to analyze and test the research hypotheses. Through the empirical research results, it was found that: (1) the cloud platform was highly correlated with sustainable enterprise development (0.254); (2) the cloud platform was positively associated with logistics operations (0.837); and (3) the cloud platform, logistics operations, and organizational sustainability highly correlated (0.666). According to an empirical analysis, environmental protection proved to be the most important, followed by economic benefits, and social harmony benefits were slightly less correlated but also positively correlated. Our research found that the research and analysis of cloud-platform-related data are conducive to reducing operational risks and increasing opportunities for innovative service models. Using the service model operated by the cloud logistics platform, it is easier for enterprises to establish and maintain stable cooperative relations with external partners. Supply chain information transactions are transparent, and novel ideas and needs can be easily and quickly obtained, improving managers’ decision-making and business performances, significantly improving customer service satisfaction, and gradually achieving sustainable development in the three dimensions of economy, society, and environment, as well as making critical academic contributions to application and integration in environmental and social fields.