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Although immune checkpoint blockade have demonstrated promising results, their effects on gastric cancer (GC) are under investigation. Understanding the clinical significance of PD1 and its ligands' expression, together with T cell infiltration might provide clues for biomarkers screening in GC immunotherapy. Immunohistochemistry were performed on a tissue microarray including 1,014 GC specimens using PD1, PDL1 and PDL2 antibodies. T cell markers CD3 and CD8 were also stained and quantified by automated image analysis. Correlation with clinical features and outcome were analyzed after controlling for potential confounders including EBV infection, HER2, C-met and PCNA expression. 37.8% of the cases showed membranous PD-L1 expression in tumor cells and 74.9% in infiltrating immune cells. PDL1 expression rate was rather higher in patients without metastasis, in EBV positive group and those with C-met and PCNA expression. GC patients with high level PDL1 expression exhibited better survival. GC Patients with higher T cell infiltration also showed elevated PDL1, PDL2 and PD1 expression and predict favorable outcome, indicating an adaptive immune resistance mechanism may exist. The group of patients infiltrated with lower density CD3+ T cells also without PDL1 expression in tumor cells predict the worst outcome in the subgroup of different PTNM stage, which may suggest an inactive immune status. These results highlights the need to assess both PDL1 expression in all tumor context and the characterization of the GC immune microenvironment.

A novel composite of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and FeS 2 microparticles self-assembled from small size cubes as a high-performance anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has been prepared via a facile one-pot hydrothermal method. The prepared composite shows interconnected networks of reduced graphene oxide sheets and well-dispersed FeS 2 microparticles which were composed of smallsize cubic FeS 2 crystals. The composite not only provides a high contact area between the electrolyte and the electrode, favorable diffusion kinetics for both electrons and lithium ions, but also provides the protection against the volume changes of electroactive FeS 2 materials and excellent electrical conductivity of the overall electrode during electrochemical processes as well as an enhanced synergistic effect between cubic FeS 2 and RGO. As an anode material for LIBs, it exhibits a very large initial reversible capacity of 1147 mA h g À1 at a current rate of 100 mA h g À1 and maintains 1001.41 mA h g À1 over 60 cycles, which is much higher than that of the theoretical capacity of graphite (372 mA h g À1 ) and indicates high stability. The results demonstrate that the composite can be a promising candidate for electroactive materials in LIBs.

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