To determine the factors associated and measure the socioeconomic inequalities in people with undiagnosed hypertension in Peru. Materials and methods: An observational, cross-sectional, analytical study was performed using data from the 2019 Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES, acronym in Spanish) database. The dependent variable was the presence of undiagnosed hypertension (mean systolic blood pressure !140 mmHg and/or mean diastolic blood pressure !90 mmHg in the two blood pressure measurements and with no prior diagnosis of hypertension by a health care professional). Adjusted prevalence ratios were estimated to determine the factors associated with undiagnosed hypertension. The socioeconomic inequality in undiagnosed hypertension was estimated using concentration curves and the Erreygers concentration index. Results: 67.2% of 3697 persons with hypertension had not been diagnosed. Non-diagnosis of hypertension was more prevalent in men who were residents of the Coast and in inhabitants residing at more than 3000 m above sea level. Being 50 years of age or older, having health insurance, being obese and having diabetes mellitus were associated with a lower prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension. Inequality of the non-diagnosis of hypertension was found to be concentrated in the poorest population. Conclusions: At least one out of every two adult Peruvians with hypertension have not been diagnosed with this condition. Socioeconomic inequality was found, as well as socio-demographic and health-related factors associated with undiagnosed hypertension. Our findings identify some population subgroups in which interventions for screening and treatment of hypertension should be prioritized in order to reduce both inequalities and complications of hypertension among the most vulnerable.
Objetivo. Determinar los factores asociados y medir las desigualdades socioeconómicas en personas con hipertensión arterial (HTA) no diagnosticada en el Perú. Materiales y métodos. Estudio de tipo observacional, de corte transversal y analítico, en el que se utilizó la base de datos de la Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar (ENDES) del año 2019. La variable dependiente fue la presencia de HTA no diagnosticada (valores de presión arterial sistólica media ≥140 mmHg y/o presión arterial diastólica media ≥90 mmHg en las dos medidas de presión arterial y sin diagnóstico previo de HTA por parte de un profesional de la salud). Se estimaron razones de prevalencias ajustadas para identificar los factores asociados a la HTA no diagnosticada. La desigualdad socioeconómica en la población afectada por la HTA no diagnosticada se estimó con las curvas de concentración e índices de concentración de Erreygers. Resultados. De entre los 3697 pacientes con HTA, el 67,2% no había sido diagnosticado. La falta de diagnóstico de HTA fue más prevalente en hombres, residentes de la región costa y en habitantes a más de 3000 metros sobre el nivel del mar. Tener 50 años o más, contar con un seguro de salud, ser obeso y tener diabetes mellitus se asociaron a una menor prevalencia de HTA no diagnosticada. Se encontró una desigualdad en la falta de diagnóstico de HTA que se concentra en la población más pobre. Conclusiones. Al menos uno de cada dos peruanos adultos con HTA no ha sido diagnosticado de esta enfermedad. Se encontró desigualdad socioeconómica, así como factores sociodemográficos y relacionados al estado de salud asociados a la falta de diagnóstico de HTA. Nuestros hallazgos identifican algunos subgrupos de población en los que se deben priorizar las intervenciones para el tamizaje y el tratamiento de la HTA...
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