Many Americans literally fear for their lives on the streets, at home, at work, and at school. This fear is rooted in fact: 24,526 persons were victims of homicide in 1993 (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 1995); the National Crime Survey found that an estimated 6.5 million violent crimes occurred in 1992, not including homicide (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 1994). The United States experiences more violence than any other industrialized nation; homicide rates are far higher in this country than in any other industrialized nation (8.3 per 100,000 versus rates of about 1 to 2 in most European countries, as surveyed by the World Health Organization in the 1980s). Rates of other violent crimes are also substantially higher (more so the more serious the offense; Reiss & Roth, 1993a). There is a common perception that the rate of violent crime is steadily increasing; however, nationally this is not the case-the incidence of homicidewas actually higher in the 1930s and 1970s. But in the largest U.S. cities, total violent crime has almost doubled since 1973 (Reiss & Roth, 1993a).Violence perpetrated by and against youth is a particularly urgent social concern. The risk of victimization by violent crime peaks for both men and women between the ages 16 and 19 (Reiss & Roth, 1993a).Homicide is the leading cause of death for African American youth both male and female (American Psychological Association [APA], 1993). APA also reported that, in a study of first and second grade students in Wash-75

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Food processing is costly, potentially limiting the energy and time devoted to other essential functions such as locomotion or reproduction. In ectotherms, post-prandial thermophily, the selection of a warm environmental temperature after feeding, may be advantageous in minimizing the duration of this elevated cost. Although present in many vertebrate taxa, this behaviour had not previously been observed in invertebrates. Sanguivorous leeches ingest large blood meals that are costly to process and limit mobility until excess fluid can actively be expelled to reduce body volume. When presented with a temperature gradient from 108 8 8 8 8C to 308 8 8 8 8C, leeches select a temperature that is significantly warmer (24.3 + + + + + 0.98 8 8 8 8C, n 5 6) than their acclimation temperature (T a , 218 8 8 8 8C). Unfed leeches preferred temperatures that were significantly cooler than ambient (12.8 + + + + + 0.98 8 8 8 8C, n 5 6). This behavioural strategy is consistent with minimizing the time course of elevated post-feeding energy costs and reducing energy expenditure during fasting. Our observations raise the possibility that thermoregulatory behaviour of this type is an unrecognized feature of other invertebrate taxa.

We, Professors Wendy Chin and Vinitha Nithianandam, both who teach technology courses at the Community College of Baltimore County (CCBC), had a vision. This vision was to attract more women into the technology field and keep them enrolled in technology courses through graduation or transfer. We sought to do this by creating the CCBC Women in Technology Support Group. This group was founded in 2017. Our CCBC Women in Technology program was inspired by Virginia-based Women in Technology, and it brings female students with a shared love for science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) an opportunity to come together to participate in various events. These include free workshops and lectures, attendance at social events, and the ability to network with successful women in the profession. This grassroots effort is an ongoing process and continues to evolve and bring awareness, retention, advancement, and support to female students in academic pursuits and professional careers in the STEM fields.

As data science continues to grow and become intertwined into many domains, its application becomes increasingly relevant. Data science is becoming a part of an interdisciplinary web of methodologies that can be used to extract essential insights from many types of data and are used in numerous occupations. Due to the rising importance of this emerging field, additional educational opportunities to learn data science will be beneficial in the future. In this chapter, the authors discuss the development of an associate's degree program in data science that provides students with specific coursework required to transfer to other institutions that offer bachelor's degrees in data science. Alternatively, students could also use this program to learn new skills in data science to change career paths or to continue their education. First, the general development of the data science program is discussed, followed by development challenges and opportunities, specific courses, and future directions.