We propose an image quality model based on phase and amplitude differences between a reference and a distorted image. The proposed model is motivated by the fact that polar representations can separate visual information in a more independent and efficient manner than Cartesian representations in the primary visual cortex (V1). We subsequently estimate the model parameters from a large subjective data set using maximum likelihood methods. By comparing the various model hypotheses on the functional form about the phase and amplitude, we find that: (a) discrimination of visual orientation is important for quality assessment and yet a coarse level of such discrimination seems sufficient; and (b) a product-based amplitude-phase combination before pooling is effective, suggesting an interesting viewpoint about the functional structure of the simple cells and complex cells in V1.

The unbalance development of Preschool Education in Urban and Rural is the main restraint to the development of Preschool Education. With the development of society, developing Justice Preschool Education is becoming the essential value appeal. Preschool Education in the Justiceorientation includes the Justice of educational starts, the Justice of educational process, the Justice of educational results. Via educational laws, finical assistance, building the high level teachers, we can build the Preschool Education in Urban and Rural in Justiceorientation, which can prompt the development of Preschool Education in our country.

In this paper, we propose an overall framework about Bohai sea ice comprehensive service and expert aid decision-making system, among which six subsystems consists of sea ice multi-source information acquisition subsystem, sea ice comprehensive information database, sea ice comprehensive information integration subsystem, sea ice expert aid decision-making subsystem, sea ice products release subsystem, and sea ice disaster loss evaluation subsystem. The proposing system has such features as functional integration, business-oriented product services, visual display and decision making, and so on. This paper can provide reference for the construction of sea ice comprehensive service and expert aid decision-making system in China.

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