For sustainable development of the world, it is crucial to solve the problems related to water environment pollution, water shortage, and the inefficient utilization of water resources during the process of urbanization in developing countries. At present, scholars mainly focus on the measurement of new urbanization (NU) and the water ecological civilization (WEC) level and the coordination relationship between NU and ecological civilization. However, there have been few studies on the coordination relationship between NU and WEC and its driving factors. We take the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) in China as a case study, construct the indicator system of NU and WEC, analyze the current situation of NU and WEC in the YREB, and study the coordination state of NU and WEC in the YREB from 2011 to 2020 by using a state coordination function. We further examine the factors driving the coordination of NU and WEC by employing a two-way fixed-effects model. The results show the following: (1) The growth rate of NU and WEC in the YREB shows a fluctuating upward trend, where there is significant heterogeneity between the upper reaches, the middle reaches, and the lower reaches of the YREB. (2) The static coordination degree of NU and WEC in the YREB shows a trend of fluctuating upwards and then falling, and the dynamic coordination degree deviated from the coordinated development trajectory from 2018 to 2020. The classification of the static coordination degree of various regions in the YREB gradually becomes obvious with significant spatial aggregation characteristics, and the dynamic coordination degree of various regions has significant heterogeneity. (3) The opening-up degree, foreign direct investment, population growth, and urban–rural income gap are not advantageous to the coordination degree, while the marketization level, industrial structure, and human capital are advantageous to the coordination degree, but the regression coefficients of the latter two are not significant. The regional regression results show that the impacts of driving factors on the coordination degree have obvious heterogeneity. The research results provide a new idea and method that can be used by developing countries similar to the YERB to control water pollution, improve the ecological environment, alleviate water shortages, and improve the level of WEC in the process of NU.

It is very important for a country's sustainable economic and social development to reduce the income gap between urban residents. Through investigating the impact of urban education level and its different levels on the income gap of urban residents in Central China, this paper provides the basis for formulating scientific and rational urban education development policies in Central China. Based on Central China's urban dynamic panel data, this paper examines the impact by using the system GMM (Generalized Method of Moments). The results show that overall, the improvement of urban education level helps to narrow the income gap of urban residents in Central China cities. Specifically, improvement of primary education level and secondary education level helps to narrow the income gap of urban residents, and improvement of higher education level enlarges the income gap of urban residents. Nonetheless, with further development of higher education in the cities, the income structure of lower-middle-income and low-income groups will be optimized, and subsequently higher education in cities will probably narrow the income gap between urban residents. In terms of the type of cities, improvement of education level in provincial capitals widens the income gap of urban residents, and improvement of education level in prefecture-level cities and county-level cities helps to narrow the income gap of urban residents. For all three types of cities, improvement of primary education level helps to narrow the income gap of urban residents, and the improvement of higher education level widens the income gap of urban residents. The improvement of secondary education level widens the income gap of urban residents in provincial capital cities but reduces the income gap of residents in prefecture-level cities and county-level cities. The policy implication from this study is that, to effectively and expeditiously narrow the income gap of urban residents in Central China, prefecture-level and county-level cities need to vigorously develop urban education, especially urban primary education and secondary education．At the same time, cities in Central China also need to actively develop higher education. Although the income gap of urban residents might be widened temporarily in the short term, the development of urban higher education will increase property income and net operating income of the local middle-low-income and low-income groups in the long term. Ultimately this policy would optimize the income structure of local urban residents and narrow the income gap of urban residents.

Background Since China's economic reform and opening up, exports have increased significantly. However, coronavirus disease will seriously affect the global economy in 2019; Global market demand is weak. How to stabilize the export intensive profit margin and expand the export extensive profit margin is an urgent problem related to China's export stability and the construction of a major trading country. Chinese entrepreneurs shoulder an arduous mission in this regard. Entrepreneurs' emotional labor and work pressure in this regard will not only damage personal health and occupational well-being, but also have a negative impact on the organization, such as reduced job performance and increased turnover intention. Research objects and methods This study uses two-stage Heckman model and system generated moment method to investigate the impact of Chinese entrepreneurs' work emotion, labor and work pressure on export profit margin. This paper uses symptom checklist 90 (SCL-90) to investigate the psychological state of entrepreneurs. Result The experimental data showed that taking the emotion group as the independent variable, the fluency, novelty and harmfulness of MCT were analyzed by one-way multivariate analysis of variance, box's M = 68.30, P < 0.001. The result shows that the covariance matrix of each dependent variable is non-homogeneous, and the data is not suitable for multivariate analysis of variance. Therefore, taking the emotion grouping as the independent variable, the fluency, novelty and harmfulness of MCT were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Specifically, the main effect of emotion on MCT fluency was significant, f (2, 99) = 14.80, P < 0.0001, η 2p=0.23. Post hoc comparison showed that (Bonferroni) anger group (M = 8.94, SD = 4.77) was higher than sadness group (M = 6.32, SD = 2.40, P = 0.005, Cohen'sd = 0.69) and neutral emotion group (M = 4.56, SD = 2.23, P < 0.001, Cohen'sd = 1.18). There was no significant difference between sadness group and neutral emotion group (P = 0.096). The main effect of emotion on MCT novelty was significant, f (2, 99) = 15.83, P < 0.0001, η 2p=0.24. Post hoc comparison showed that anger group (M = 9.79, SD = 7.73) was higher than sadness group (M = 4.68, SD = 4.08, P < 0.001, Cohen'sd = 0.83) and neutral emotion group (M = 2.91, SD = 2.43, P < 0.001, Cohen'sd = 1.20). There was no difference between sadness group and neutral emotion group (P = 0.504) (see Figure 2b). The main effect of emotion on MCT injury was significant, f (2, 99) = 4.01, P = 0.021, η 2p=0.08. Post hoc comparison showed that anger group (M = 2.91, SD = 0.27) was higher than sadness group (M = 2.65, SD = 0.44, P = 0.051, Cohen'sd = 0.71) and neutral emotion group (M = 2.65, SD = 0.53, P = 0.044, Cohen'sd = 0.62). There was no significant difference between sadness group and neutral emotion group (P = 1.00). The above results show that the positive factors of entrepreneurs' emotional labor help to improve the export profit margin, and play a greater role in promoting the growth of China's export intensive profit margin through the local market effect and the rationalization effect of industrial structure. It plays a limited role in promoting China's extensive export through factor allocation effect, technological innovation effect, industrial agglomeration effect and industrial structure upgrading effect. Among them, enterprise entrepreneurship plays a greater role in improving China's export intensive profit margin, and innovation and entrepreneurship plays a greater role in improving China's export extended profit margin. This applies to China's central and eastern regions, processing and general trade, labor-intensive and capital technology intensive enterprises, as well as private and state-owned enterprises. Entrepreneurship has promoted the marginal growth of export intensive, processing trade, labor-intensive enterprises and private enterprises in the central region; In contrast, it has contributed to the broader export profit growth of the eastern region, general trade, capital and technology intensive enterprises and state-owned enterprises. The positive factors of enterprise emotional labor have a greater impact on export intensive marginal, processing trade, labor-intensive enterprises and private enterprises in Central China than innovation and entrepreneurship. Conclusion China should actively cultivate, encourage and promote entrepreneurship, especially pay attention to the role of emotional labor spirit; At the same time, we should pay more attention to the cultivation of innovation and entrepreneurship. The western region should actively cultivate and encourage entrepreneurship in infrastructure construction, rule of law construction, platform construction and service provision, so as to promote the growth of export intensive profits and extensive profits. The central region, processing trade, labor-intensive enterprises and private enterprises should make full use of government policies, rely on government services, cultivate and carry forward the spirit of innovation based on the market environment, improve the vitality and quality of innovation, enrich the varieties of export products, open up new export markets and improve the export profit margin. This paper provides enlightenment for other developing countries to formulate scientific and reasonable trade policies based on entrepreneurship. Acknowledgements Supported by projects grant from National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.71764018), Social Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province (Grant No.21JL08D), Humanities and Social Sciences Foundation of Jiangxi Province (Grant No.JJ21212), Postgraduate Innovation Special Foundation of Jiangxi Province (Grant No.YC2021-S809), and Postgraduate Innovation Foundation of Nanchang Institute of Technology (Grant No.YJSCX202105).