Objectives: To investigate the clinical efficacy and mechanism of Jianpi Huatan Tongfu granule in treating acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). Methods: Sixty patients with AECOPD were enrolled in either of two groups: integrative treatment (Western medicine combined with Jianpi Huatan Tongfu granule) (n ¼ 30) and Western medical treatment (n ¼ 30). Thirty healthy individuals were included in the control group. Results: Compared with healthy participants, patients with AECOPD had elevated clinical symptom and dyspnea severity scores. Patients with AECOPD had worsened lung function, compared with healthy participants. The therapeutic efficacy for integrative treatment was superior to Western medical treatment. Inflammatory proteins and cytokines were significantly elevated in patients with AECOPD, including C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and tumor