No abstract

Voltage-activated Ca2+ channels (VACCs) mediate Ca2+ influx to trigger action potential-evoked neurotransmitter release but the mechanism by which Ca2+ regulates spontaneous transmission is unclear. Here we show VACCs are the major physiological triggers for spontaneous release at murine neocortical inhibitory synapses. Moreover, despite the absence of a synchronizing action potential, we find that spontaneous fusion of a GABA-containing vesicle requires the activation of multiple tightly-coupled VACCs of variable type.

No abstract

P 4 O 10 is highly deliquescent and reactive; techniques using non-P 4 O 10 process are not only required for environmental protection, but also for consideration of safety and cost in industrial-scale production. A non-P 4 O 10 process to prepare ammonium polyphosphate with crystalline form II (APP-II) was proposed by heating the mixture of diammonium hydrogen phosphate (DAP) and melamine under wet ammonia. Its water solubility, FT-IR, XRD, and 31 P NMR spectra were compared with those of commercial APP-II and melamine polyphosphate (MPoly), and interesting results were obtained. Thermogravometric analysis (TGA) showed the synthesized APP-II had better thermal stability than commercial APP-II. The reaction mechanism and molecular structure for the subject compound were investigated and discussed in detail.