No abstract

No abstract

This paper proposed to reduce power consumption and cost of operation in the BBU pool by switch off number of BBUs that work at low traffic load. Two algorithms have been proposed, one to convert the operation processing of switched off BBUs to the remaining ones depending on their valuable capacities. The other one is to control the electronic Smart Switch (SS) in order to exchange the traffic load between the Optical Transmitters (OTXs). Mathematical representation model of power consumption for C-RAN has been modified. The C-RAN applied by using the DWDM/SCM-PON-RoF architecture to decrease the cost effectiveness. The results in system model validation showed a reduction in the BBUs utilization of 84% and 83% in residential and office area respectively. Furthermore, OTXs operation has been reduced by 86% during the 24 hours compared with the conventional RAN network.

In this paper, the dispersion of photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with five rings hexagonal geometry have investigated by varying different parameters. Many researchers had used small size of fiber ( small pitch distance) to ensure the single mode operation but decreasing the pitch distance leads to increasing the dispersion. It is important to get suitable pitch distance so that it is not large to avoid the multimode operation and not small to avoid high dispersion. In this work, this condition has obtained depended on V-parameter. We have estimated the V-parameter by using the step-index fiber approximation. The Pitch distance which has been obtained is 5 um with low dispersion and low V-parameter ≤ 2.405 (single mode operation). In addition, to get more low dispersion and V-parameter, a doping with two different value of Ge ( 4.1% and 7%) has been applied in core.