Objective: Chenopodium album L is the species of the genus chenopodium. The Greek name Chenopodium means goosefoot. The plant is native to Asia and Europe. The analysis of the constituents of the Iraqi plant was performed using gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography techniques.Methods: Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance TLC chromatographic techniques were used for the detection and isolation of the active constituent found in the plant. Spectral analysis such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and UV was used to confirm the chemical structure of the compound isolated. Results:Astragalin was isolated and identified by comparison with standard kaempferol 3-O-β-glucoside (astragalin) which was detected as the major glycoside in the polar fraction of the plant. Further, identification of the compound was performed by 1 H-NMR spectroscopy. Conclusion:Astragalin is the major flavonoid glycoside found in the plant.

Triterpenes are abundant group of natural compounds with important structural components of plant’s cell membranes. Free triterpenes stabilize phospholipid bilayers in plant cell membranes just as cholesterol does in animal cell membranes. Lupeol is a pentacyclic trite- rpene reported to have important physiological and therapeutic effects in human health issues, therefore its extraction from Calendula officinalis flowers and detection by GC-MS is of significant importance.

Evaluation of Iraqi medicinal plants is very crucial to help people avoid the use of herbs without prior knowledge which results in many side effects and sometimes even leads to death. The plant constituents vary according to season, weather and type of soil, therefore it is necessary to evaluate the chemical constituents and determine the time of collection of medicinal plants. In this research evaluation of the medicinal plant Calendula officinal grown in Iraq was performed by measuring the quantity of hyperoside found in the plant together with macroscopical and microscopical evaluation of the plant.

Iraqi land is rich with medicinal plants and Iraqi people trust using herbals as treatments since ancient times, one of these important wild medicinal plants is Silybum marianum, which is known as Milk thistle. It has a long history in Greek and Arabian medicine as a liver tonic which has been confirmed by scientific in vivo/ in vitro study and made the plant in the top of medicine that can regenerate liver tissues and cure various liver diseases. The aim of this study is to investigate the active constituents in the seeds, leaves and the flowers of Iraqi Silybum marianum, identification  have been done by GC-MS instrument after the extraction process by hexane then ethanol as a solvent in the Soxhlet apparatus, An important compounds has been detected such as phytosterol, catechin, terpenes, fatty acids, fatty alcohol, and  monosaccharide,  in different concentration in the parts of the plants.

Equisetum arvense L, Family: Equisetaceae, common name hoarse tails. The plant is used traditionally to stop bleeding, heal ulcers and wounds, and treat tuberculosis and kidney problems.             The new approach is the investigation of cytotoxic and anti HIV activities of this plant. The aerial part of the plant was extracted to investigate the presence of alkaloids in it. Powdered plant was macerated with 2N HCl overnight.             The alkaloids were detected with Dragendorrf reagent and were found to be one spot. Investigation of the extracted alkaloids using GC/MS reveal the presence of nicotine as the single alkaloids found in the plant.