No abstract

The final procedures of orthodontic treatment are bracket debonding and cleaning the remaining adhesive. Multistep polishing system is the most common method used. The disadvantage of that system is long working time, because of the stages that should be done. Therefore, dental material manufacturer make an improvement to the system, to reduce several stages into one stage only. This new system is known as one-step polishing system. Objective: To compare the effect of one-step and multi-step polishing system on enamel roughness after orthodontic bracket debonding. Methods: Randomized control trial was conducted included twenty-eight maxillary premolar randomized into two polishing system; one-step OptraPol (Ivoclar, Vivadent) and multi-step AstroPol (Ivoclar, Vivadent). After bracket debonding, the remaining adhesive on each group was cleaned by subjective polishing system for ninety seconds using low speed handpiece. The enamel roughness was subjected to profilometer, registering two roughness parameters (Ra, Rz). Independent t-test was used to analyze the mean score of enamel roughness in each group. Results: There was no significant difference of enamel roughness between one-step and multi-step polishing system (p>0.005). Conclusion: One-step polishing system can produce a similar enamel roughness to multi-step polishing system after bracket debonding and adhesive cleaning. ABSTRAK Efek sistem poles satu tahap dan multi-tahap pada kekasaran email setelah pelepasan bracket orthodonti. Setelah perawatan orthodonti selesai, tahap pekerjaan yang harus dilakukan adalah melepaskan bracket dan membersihkan sisa-sisa bahan perekat. Metode yang sering digunakan adalah dengan membersihkan sisa perekat menggunakan sistem poles bertingkat, yang dikenal sebagai multi-step polishing system. Kekurangan sistem ini adalah lamanya waktu kerja, karena banyaknya tahap pekerjaan. Saat ini produsen material kedokteran gigi telah memperbaiki sistem ini, dengan membuat suatu sistem poles satu tahap. Sistem baru ini disebut sebagai one-step polishing system. Tujuan: Membandingkan tingkat kekasaran email setelah dilakukan debonding bracket orthodonti menggunakan one-step dan multi-step polishing system. Metode: Pemilihan dan penentuan kelompok sistem poles yang digunakan pada dua puluh delapan gigi premolar rahang atas dilakukan secara acak. Penelitian ini menggunakan one-step OpraPol (Ivoclar, Vivadent) dan multi-step AstroPol (Ivoclar, Vivadent). Setelah dilakukan debonding bracket, sisa bahan perekat dari setiap kelompok dibersihkan selama 90 detik menggunakan sistem yang telah dipilih menggunakan handpiece putaran lambat. Kekasaran email kemudian diukur menggunakan profilometer, dengan dua parameter (Ra, Rz). Uji t digunakan untuk menganalisis perbedaan rerata kekasaran email dari kedua kelompok. Hasil: Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada rerata kekasaran email antara kedua sistem poles (p>0,005). Simpulan: Debonding bracket dan pembersihan sisa-sisa perekat menggunakan one-step polishing system memberikan kekerasan email yang s...

Objectives: Methods Results

Academic stressors in a medical educational environment are related to two factors. This study was carried out in order to analyze the correlation between the dental environment and perceived stress among dental students during the COVID-19 pandemic. The respondents were 422 undergraduate dental students and the validated Modified Dental Environmental Stress (DES) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) questionnaires were used. Furthermore, the Spearman correlation analysis was used to measure the correlation between DES and PSS score. The result showed that five dental stressors were noted to have the strongest correlations with PSS (p-value >0.40). They include expectation towards dental school (p-value = 0.431), lack of confidence to be a successful dentist (p-value = 0.424), lack of confidence to become a successful dental student (p-value = 0.408), dental school regulations (p-value = 0.401) and criticism of school work (p-value = 0.400). In addition, all six DES categories showed a positive correlation with the PSS. Therefore, the dental students collectively displayed moderate perceived stress scores. The overall discoveries from this study showed a positive correlation between the DES and PSS among dental students during the COVID-19 pandemic.