<p>The eruption of Merapi mountain has primary and secondary hazard and may damage to the land. In detail, the hazards are land degradation is a loss of some or many of germplasm and changes in plant biodiversity. The others hazard including loss of water catchment areas, the destruction of forests, and even the closing of the water source, as well as the loss of water channels. The burried of soil and soil formation inhibition were caused by the repeated eruptions of Merapi, beside the loss of roads access to agricultural land and loss of land ownerships boundaries by the eruption and cool lava. Materials of eruption are sand and pyroclastic materials, as well as the nature of cementation require special techniques and technology to use the land as new farmland. Land restoration efforts can be done with the land management by reforestation on government-owned land for water catchment function, agroforestry forage grass based, grazing field on land owned by the village and residents, with the use of organic materials in the eruption sandy soil ameliorant.</p>

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Boyolali Regency of Central Java, Indonesia is an area that has developed organic rice cultivation. The development of the adoption rate organic rice cultivation has been conducted since 2009 and still sustainability until today. In fact, not all regions can accept and apply organic rice cultivation. This research was conducted from December 2016 to February 2017 in Boyolali Regency. This research aimed to analyze : (1) the adoption of organic rice cultivation in Boyolali Regency (2) the sustainability of organic rice cultivation in Boyolali Regency (3) the factors affecting the sustainability of organic rice cultivation in Boyolali Regency. This study was quantitative research with explanatory type. The analysis technique employed in this study was a Linear Regression; the sample consisted of 86 farmers living in the Sub Districts having widest organic rice farmland: Sambi, Mojosongo, and Andong. The result of research done by linear regression analysis using SPSS 23,0 program showed that the adoption rate of organic rice cultivation affected directly the sustainability of organic rice significantly with t-test probability (Sign) value of 0,017 less than specified α of 0,05. It indicated that seed preparation, land preparation, seeding, planting, fertilizing and maintenance affected the sustainability of organic rice cultivation in terms of economic and social.<br /><br />

Soil is a vital non-renewable natural resource for food production. Healthy, nutritious, and good-quality food is only produced through healthy soil. As the essential food commodity in Indonesia, rice is mainly cultivated in heavily degraded paddy soil, characterized by low organic C content and available N, P, and K nutrients. The challenges of increasing food demand due to increasing population, narrow agricultural land, and climate change lead to severe pressure on paddy fields. Monitoring soil quality is necessary to prevent the ongoing degradation of rice fields and threaten food security. This paper is a literature review that reveals the importance of evaluating soil quality and determining the limiting factors so that a soil health-based paddy soil management strategy can be sought to sustain food security.

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