The objective of this study was to determine the effect of glycerol (GL), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and dimethylformamide (DMF) at temperatures of 5 °C and 16 °C of equilibrium on sperm quality, after cryopreservation. 6 males were used in the semen collection, motility parameters were evaluated with the CASA system, viability, acrosomal integrity and mitochondrial activity by flow cytometry in fresh and thawed semen. We collected 30 ejaculates of which 10 were discarded for not fulfilling (volume ≥ 1 ml and total motility ≥ 60 %), the 20 ejaculates were mesclo in a tube to form pool carrying out the assessment of the initial quality of fresh semen, obtaining a total motility (MT) 61,6 ± 3,4%, progressive motility (MP) 51,7 ± 3,7%, viability 78,1 ± 9.1%, mitochondrial activity (MA) 77,4 ± 7,7 and acrosomal integrity 88,9 ± 11,5%. After cryopreservation no equilibrium temperature effect was observed, independently of cryoprotectant in the parameters of seminal quality. Cryoprotective effect (P≤ 0.05) was observed, presenting superior values in the sperm conserved in GL with respect to the rest of cryoprotectants, with significant differences (P ≤ 0,05) in MT, MP, viability and AM and without significant differences in acrosomal integrity. The equilibrium temperature of 16 °C was effective for cryopreservation of alpaca sperm. In addition, the 5% GL preserved better the functional characteristics of sperm compared to 7% (DMF and DMSO).
El conocimiento del desarrollo embrionario y fetal es de suma importancia para poder establecer parámetros de desarrollo normal, la salud del feto y para identificar periodos críticos en la curva de crecimiento. Uno de estos procesos es el patrón de osificación. El presente estudio describe el patrón de osificación en embriones y fetos de alpaca utilizando las técnicas de radiología y diafanización. Se utilizaron 17 alpacas hembra preñadas para la colección de embriones y fetos de variada edad (32, 45, 60, 90, 118, 150, 165, 190, 220 y 280 días). Los especímenes fueron pesados, medidos y radiografiados, y posteriormente fijados en formol tamponado al 10% para ser sometidos al proceso de diafanización en hidróxido de potasio y finalmente teñidos con Rojo de Alizarina. La descripción de los especímenes indica que en embriones de 32 y 45 días no existen estructuras mineralizadas; sin embargo, se pueden ver estructuras radiopacas e indicios de mineralización a los 60 días, indicando que la osificación se estaría iniciando entre los 45 y 60 días de gestación. Los huesos del cráneo y de la caja torácica son los primeros en osificarse. La osificación se presenta de manera consecutiva en la columna vertebral, miembros torácicos y pélvicos, llegando a un estado avanzado de osificación en el último tercio de gestación.
The objective of this research was to evaluate the use of the intravaginal device (CIDR) and estradiol cypionate in synchronization protocols, on oestrus presentation, pregnancy and birth rate in Creole sheep under high altitude conditions. The study was carried out in a non-reproductive season, in the peruvian highlands, using 57 ewes. Four experimental groups were formed: group T1 (n=14) and T3 (n=14), CIDR progesterone device for 7 days and 12 days, respectively; group T2 (n=15) and T4 (n=14), CIDR progesterone device for 7 days and 12 days plus 1 mg of estradiol cypionate, 24 hours after removal of the device in both groups, respectively. Estrous presentation was observed from CIDR removal to 48 hours using vasectomized rams and IATF was performed with fresh semen 48 hours after device removal. The pregnancy rate was determined by ultrasonography at 46 and 90 days after FTAI and the birth rate was recorded. The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. There was no difference (P>0.05) between groups, for estrous presentation, but there was difference (P<0.05) for pregnancy rate at 46 days between groups with: T1 (42.9%), T3 (38.5%), T4 (21.4%), with respect to T2 (0%) (The difference in results are shown in Table 2). There was a difference (P<0.05) for the pregnancy rate at 90 days: T1 (35.7%) and T3 (30.8%), with respect to T4 (7.1%) and T2 (0 %). The birth rate showed differences (P<0.05) for T1 (28.6%) and T3 (28.6%), with respect to T2 (0%) and T4 (0%). In conclusion, a high pregnancy rate was obtained with CIDR for 7 and 12 days, compared to the use of CIDR plus estradiol cypionate. However, no births were obtained with progesterone plus estradiol cypionate treatment.
El estudio tuvo como objetivo describir la microbiota presente en semen de alpaca. Se colectaron 15 muestras de semen mediante las técnicas de vagina artificial, electroeyaculación y pos-cópula (cinco por técnica). Además, se hicieron hisopados prepuciales (n=5) y vaginales (n=5). Se hicieron cultivos microbiológicos para determinar los géneros bacterianos y fúngicos y una valoración de la carga bacteriana mediante la determinación de la cantidad de unidades formadoras de colonias (UFC/ml). Se identificaron seis géneros bacterianos en vagina y siete en prepucio, además de una especie de hongo (Aspergillus fumigatus). Bacterias de los géneros Escherichia, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus y Bacillus fueron los más abundantes y presentes en semen obtenidos por tres técnicas. coincidiendo con los encontrados en los hisopados prepuciales y vaginales. La cantidad de UFC/ml fue similar para las tres técnicas, mientras que no hubo presencia de hongos en el semen obtenido por electroeyaculación, probablemente por el lavado prepucial previo. La presencia y cantidad de géneros bacterianos y fúngicos fue superior a lo reportado en otras especies animales.
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