This paper aims to determine (1) the events of the Spanish Influenza 1918-1920 pandemic in Indonesia, (2) the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia, and (3) a map of the COVID-19 pandemic through the Spanish Influenza1918-1920 in Indonesia. This research uses qualitative methods through literature study techniques. The data obtained were analyzed using the phenomenological theory of Alfert Schurtz. The results of this study indicate if (1) the Spanish Influenza1918 in Indonesia can be categorized through the history, impact, and efforts to overcome the pandemic in Indonesia, (2) the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia can be mapped into three parts (discussion) similar to the Spanish Influenza 1918 in Indonesia, and (3) a map of the COVID-19 pandemic through the Spanish Influenza 1918 in Indonesia. Overall these two pandemic events can be correlated as historical repetitions, that is, between the past and the present. This research is expected to find continuity as a historical fact as well as learning material in the future.

This study aims to determine (1) typology of the tomb of Sunan Ampel and (2) tombstone ornaments on the tomb of X in the tomb complex of Sunan Ampel. This study uses qualitative research methods through techniques (1) observation, (2) interviews, (3) and literature studies. Those data obtained are analyzed using archeological theory and the approach to artistic values. The results of this study are (1) typology of the tomb of Sunan Ampel, consisting of three elements: (a) sepulchre; (b) tombstone; and (b) the grave cupola, while (2) the tombstone ornaments on the tomb of X in the Sunan Ampel tomb complex are: (a) curly motifs, (b) vine decorations, and (c) stump decorations. Overall, it can be seen that the tomb complex of Sunan Ampel has the typology of tombs and tombstone ornaments that have characteristics and meanings in it.

The story of Ramayana has been deeply rooted in the community and is a material for literary studies that has never completed for discussion. In Java the epic, Ramayana first fully appeared in the form of a relief at the Lara Jonggrang Temple which was built around the year 782 to 872.The other emergence about the Ramayana story was in the composition which was in the form ofRamayana kakawin in Old Javanese. The Ramayana story begins with a blessing and a preface including a summary of the story which then contains verses of poetry. This study aims to convey the social messages contained in the Ramayana story to the public. This study uses qualitative research method based on the study of literature in the book of P. Lal (1981) which has been translated into Indonesian. The results of this study are (1) Explaining the social messages contained in the Ramayana story, (2) Explaining the exemplary wisdom of the character Rama, (3) Explaining the exemplary loyalty of the character Sita, (4) Explaining the example of Rahwana's character in the form of perseverance and sincerity in loving Sit, (5) Explaining ibrah (lessons) from the Ramayana story so that it can be used as the life learning. Overall, it can be understood that in the Ramayana there are many social messages that can be used as the exemplary life.