Systemic arterial hypertension is considered a Chronic Non-Communicable Disease, being one of the main conditions of care in Primary Care and is widely associated with increased cardiovascular risk, making its prevention and treatment extremely important. Therefore, an integrative literature review was carried out, based on journals published in the PUBMED databases and the Virtual Health Library (BVS). The data search was performed using controlled descriptors and the Boolean operators "AND" and "OR". After the collection and selection of articles in the databases, 12 articles were eligible for the construction of the review. The research shows that the causes of low adherence to the treatment of hypertension are varied, although there are few people who adhere to the treatment, among them the following stand out: low knowledge about SAH; religious beliefs; the superstitions; the low income; low schooling; lack of knowledge about the treatment; adaptability to the new routine; and the inability to create a custom.