Condition 1 corresponds to the procedure commercially employed in the manufacture of electrodes, as described by Boex (ß) and Mantell (3). According to Mantell, the heating of a batch of electrodes occupies a period of 12-20 days.Condition 3 again requires very slow heating to avoid porosity owing to the high percentage of volatile matter given off and to the fact that, even after an appreciable quantity has been evolved, the residual mass is still plastic.The conditions of composition for obtaining a compact, nonporous secondary coke in the shortest possible baking time appear to be as follows: (1) The primary coke should be asphaltic coke with a volatile content well above 7%. (2) The calculated volatile content of the mixture of primary coke and binder should remain within the asphaltic coke range-i.e., below about 22%.A few preliminary experiments have been made with laboratory samples molded under pressure before baking. The results IRON

crop plants for the mineral nutrients present. It should also contribute to the formation of humus, since most of the humus found in soils results from a combination of lignin with bacterial proteins.

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The rapid growth of the iron, steel, and associated by-product coking industries has brought problems in the utilization and disposal of waste materials; among the more important are slags, flue dust, mill scale, scrap iron, spent pickle liquor, coke breeze, ammonia liquors, coal tar, and phenolic liquors. Fairly satisfactory processes for the utilization of certain of these materials have been in operation for years, but improvements are desired.

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