The composition of plume produced during carbon dioxide laser endoscopic treatment for endometriosis was examined to determine whether it represented a hazard to the surgical staff. A total of 32 plume samples were collected from 17 women undergoing laser laparoscopic treatment for endometriosis and/or adhesions. The smoke was found to consist of particles having a median aerodynamic diameter of 0.31 micron with a range of 0.10-0.80 micron. The size range has two consequences: 1) using a human red blood cell as a model for all cells, it can be stated with greater than 99.9999% certainty that no cell-size particles, including cancer cells, are present in the plume; 2) particles in this size range are too small to be effectively filtered by currently available surgical masks.
The r e a c t i o n s o f eleven a l k y l c h l o r i d e s and bromides w i t h t r i m e t h y l t i n s o d i u m have been examined. t o provide good y i e l d s o f s u b s t i t u t i o n products i n THF and TG a t 0". s a t i s f a c t o r y f o r a l l y 1 bromide and u n s a t i s f a c t o r y f o r cinnamyl c h l o r i d e and t e r t i a r y h a l i d e s . Trimethyl tinsodium and 2-chlorobutane r e a c t w i t h second o r d e r k i n e t i c s . o f the halides have been determined i n the two solvents and are discussed. Lithium, sodium and potassium as counterions y i e l d e d the same r e s u l t s i n t h e r e a c t i o n o f t h e t r i r n e t h y l t i na l k a l i s w i t h primary, secondary and t e r t i a r y b u t y l bromides i n THF.I t has been found t h a t primary and secondary halides r e a c t smoothly and r a p i d l y
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.