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An analytical expression is developed for describing the thermotropic behavior of membrane bilayers as studied by Raman spectroscopy. The expression is derived from a two-state model of the main gel to liquid crystalline phase transition in lipid bilayers. Experimental data for a variety of diacylphosphatidylcholines and their derivatives have been fit by least squares to the two-state expression to within currently achievable measurement error. Numerical techniques have been developed for placing bounds on the parameters of the two-state model in situations of sparse data in the phase transition region. By fitting the model to the measured spectroscopic data, estimates of the extent of cooperativity in the phase transition can be obtained in a systematic manner.

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The microwave spectrum of thionylimide, HNSO, has been observed and assigned to the planar cis form. The structural parameters are