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Simple ketone acetals were prepared by reaction of alcohols with ketones. The composition of several ketone-alcohol reaction systems at equilibrium was determined at 24°and -28°and in each case the formation of the acetal was favored at the low temperature.In the past most ketone acetals were prepared by one of two general methods. One of these methods

Mild reduction of purified clam and mussel poisons with hydrogen yielded a ~lo~ltoxic dihydro derivative. The poisons and the dihydro derivative showed 110 absorption in the ultraviolet but all absorbed in the infrared a t 3, 6, and 9 h. Mild oxidation of the poisons in all

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The relation between gender-role percepts and academic goal-setting was explored. An inventory examining the aspects of masculinity that would facilitate or inhibit academic goal-setting was developed based on a literature review of how masculinity relates to academic behaviors. A diverse sample of students (120 male, 147 female, 14 not indicating sex) was measured on three aspects of sex and academic goal-setting behavior. Factor analysis confirmed the content validity of masculine factors having facilitative (Mastery Competitiveness) and inhibitory (Antisocial Competitiveness) academic properties. Regression analyses indicated that sex-role orientations (Competitiveness and Hypermasculinity) significantly predicted academic goal-setting behaviors (R2 = .136). Finally, men scored higher than women on the subscales measuring Hypermasculinity and Antisocial or Competitiveness, while there were no sex differences on the Mastery Competitiveness subscale. The implications of these findings and suggestions for research are discussed.