Using some special properties of a permeability-near-zero material, the radiation of a line current is greatly enhanced by choosing appropriately the dimension of a dielectric domain in which the source lies and that of a permeability-near-zero shell. The radiation of the source can also be completely suppressed by adding appropriately another dielectric domain or an arbitrary perfect electric conductor (PEC) inside the shell. Enhanced directive radiation is also demonstrated by adding a PEC substrate. "Extremely-low-frequency plasmons in metallic mesostructures," Phys. Rev. Lett. 25, 4773−4776 (1996). 2.

in region 2 both are in opposite direction. This indicates region 1 is Right handed (RH) band and region 2 is left handed (LH) band. The transition frequency between LH band and RH band is observed at 0.92 GHz. At the transition frequency phase constant is zero. By inspecting the dispersion relation, we can observe that the proposed structure exhibit both right handed and left handed characteristics. Compared to the work reported in [8], the proposed structure does not involve any via holes. So complexity is reduced from fabrication point of view. CONCLUSIONFor the first time in microstrip technology, a new CRLH TL using OSSRR is synthesized and demonstrated using EM simulations. The fabricated results are in close agreement with the simulated results. Propagation characteristics of OSSRR and CRLH transmission line are also investigated. Since the OSSRR resonant frequency is 15% lesser than the CSRR, size of the proposed structure is small when compared to the previous work. Hence circuit miniaturization of microwave devices is possible.

This letter presents a wide-locking range CMOS divideby-3 injection-locked frequency dividers (ILFD) using single-ended injection signal. The fabricated 0.18 lm CMOS 43 ILFD uses crosscoupled switching transistors, single-injection MOSFET, and a dualresonance RLC resonator. The consumed power of the 43 ILFD core is 7.97 mW at the DC drain-source voltage 0.76 V. At an external injected signal power P inj 5 0 dBm, the measured locking range is 2.97 GHz (25.25%) from 10.28 to 13.25 GHz and the operation range is 5.17 GHz (48.5%) from 8.08 to 13.25 GHz.

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In an earlier paper we introduced the concept of the perfect lens which focuses both near and far electromagnetic fields, hence attaining perfect resolution. Here we consider refinements of the original prescription designed to overcome the limitations of imperfect materials. In particular we show that a multi-layer stack of positive and negative refractive media is less sensitive to imperfections. It has the novel property of behaving like a fibre-optic bundle but one that acts on the near field, not just the radiative component. The effects of retardation are included and minimized by making the slabs thinner. Absorption then dominates image resolution in the near-field. The deleterious effects of absorption in the metal are reduced for thinner layers.