RESUMO.A partir da década de 80, as técnicas moleculares começaram a ser utilizadas como uma alternativa aos métodos fenotípicos, tradicionalmente, utilizados em microbiologia de alimentos. Foi acelerada esta substituição com advento da descoberta da reação em cadeia da polimerase (polymerase chain reaction -PCR). Este artigo tem por objetivo revisar as principais técnicas moleculares utilizadas como ferramentas na microbiologia de alimentos, desde as, inicialmente, desenvolvidas, como a análise do perfil plasmidial, até as mais contemporâneas como o PCR em tempo real, discutindo as características, vantagens e desvantagens destas técnicas, avaliando a potencialidade destas para suprir as limitações das técnicas tradicionais.Palavras-chave: REA, PFGE, ribotipagem, RAPD, RT-PCR, multiplex PCR.ABSTRACT. Molecular techniques applied to food microbiology. Beginning in the 1980s, molecular techniques became an alternative to the traditionally used phenotypic methods in food microbiology. With the advent of the polymerase chain reaction technique, this substitution was speed up. This article had as objective to review the main molecular techniques used as tools in food microbiology, from plasmidial profile analysis to contemporary techniques such as the real-time PCR. The characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of these techniques are discussed, by evaluating the potential of these techniques to overcome the limitations of traditional techniques.
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