Aim of study: World trade in olive oil is undergoing structural changes, with the emergence of new relevant actors, notably South American countries. The objective of this study was to analyze the performance of emerging Latin American countries in the world olive oil market during the period 2010–2019. Area of study: Major Latin American countries within an international context. Material and methods: The study was conducted through an analysis of trade networks, the application of the export growth decomposition method, the index of import dependence, and competitiveness matrices developed from the statistical evolution of import share and market share indicators. Main results: European countries continue to dominate international trade in olive oil, however, Chile and Argentina have managed to widen their role. Chile was the country with the highest growth rate in olive oil exports in terms of value and volume in the period analyzed, whereas Argentina was below the world average. Prices in general have been stagnant, although price variability between countries can be distinguished. This may be due to the re-export policy of some countries, the qualities, the format, and some intrinsic characteristics of the markets. Research highlights: Chile and Argentina figure prominently for their commercial capacity, with the former focusing mainly on the USA and Brazilian markets, and the latter on the Spanish.

The work contains an analysis of the evolution of the competitiveness of the main products exported by Chile and Peru to their main common destination markets for the period 2007-2016. The analysis was carried out through the indicators of specialization and competitiveness using the Competitive Analysis of Nations (CAN) methodology. The most important categories in which Chile and Peru coincide and compete in 2016 are copper minerals, copper and its manufactures, gold, iron ores, and grapes. These represent approximately 50% of exports for both countries. Chile gained competitiveness in the iron mineral categories, in China. For its part, Peru presents better competitiveness in refined copper, copper ores, and grapes.

Electrochemical conversion batteries (ECBs), especially fuel cells and lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), are the focus of attention of the scientific community due to their potential contribution to the decarbonization of the economy. In this context, the objective is to analyze patent publication flows on LIBs in Latin America (LATAM) by proposing a technology adoption matrix, a Patents friendly to sustainable technologies (PFST) indicator, and the use of technology s-curves. Data collection and analysis were carried out using the PatSeer knowledge base, Gephi, VantagePoint, and Loglet Lab software. The results show the leadership of Brazil, Mexico, and Argentina, with high dependence on the United States, Japan, and Germany. The PFST indicates that 79.3% of the published patents address climate change mitigation. In general, there is a low rate of publication of ECB patents in LATAM, marked by a technological lag in the evolution of key technologies. Patents on fuel cells are more published than those related to LIB. Under this scenario, it is unlikely that LATAM will achieve the necessary competitiveness to produce complex technologies in this field. In this regard, it follows that to reverse the position of traditional exporters of low value-added commodities, these countries should formulate strategies that allow the development of the innovation ecosystem, promoting open and applied innovation mechanisms, subsidized adoption, greater integration of universities and, at the same time, strengthening technological integration with countries that currently lead the transfer and others with great potential such as China and South Korea. Graphical abstract

Objetivos Identificar las causas de accidentes y enfermedades profesionales de buzos mariscadores en las caletas de Coquimbo, Los Vilos y Tongoy en la región de Coquimbo (Chile), en el periodo 2008-2018.Métodos Se aplicó una encuesta de 44 preguntas para determinar las causas o factores que influyen en los accidentes y enfermedades profesionales de los buzos mariscadores en la región. Se recopiló información, experiencias y observaciones de los protagonistas. Para su análisis se utilizaron la tabla de doble entradas, los estadísticos de asociación X2 y C de contingencia.Resultados De las 52 encuestas realizadas, 28 buzos mariscadores han tenido accidentes y enfermedades profesionales (53%). El segmento que no completa la enseñanza básica concentra el 46% de los accidentes. También muestra incidencia, la profundidad a la cual se realiza el buceo, el consumo de alcohol y tabaco, el no uso de las tablas de descompresión y el no haber recibido capacitación.Conclusiones Los tipos de accidente o enfermedades profesionales asociadas de mayor incidencia son el síndrome de descompresión y la asfixia. Ambos casos presentan una alta asociación con el consumo de alcohol y el no uso de las tablas de descomprensión.

In order to address Climate Change and energy dependency challenges, hydrogen (H2) is emerging as a promising energy carrier. Studies related to its production have conceptualized it as green (GH2), clean, renewable (RH2), ecological, and sustainable (SH2). The aim of this research is to deepen the understanding of the GH2 concept and to state boundaries between different terms. To reach this objective, a bibliometric analysis of publications indexed in SCOPUS is launched. Also, in order to assess the potential of renewable energy sources (RES) for GH2 production, a review of the meta-analysis literature on the Energy Return on Energy Invested (EROI) ratio as regards these RES is performed. Additionally, an analysis of main national strategies on GH2 is launched. Results indicate that the GH2 concept is gaining remarkable relevance, while the keyword maps show no significant differences between SH2, RH2 and GH2. EROI reveals low average values for the different biomass energy production processes. For their part, GH2 national strategies focus mainly on solar and wind technologies, albeit leaving the door open to biomass, where EROI could become an adequate metric to guide these strategies towards a low carbon energy path. Although the role of biomass may become fundamental in this energy transition process, given its low EROI values and considering that it is not a totally clean RES, it should be indexed as RH2, but not always as GH2. Finally, a proposal that guides a more appropriate use of the term GH2 is made. Graphical abstract