The study examined the relationship between budgeting and Profitability among Sugar Factories in Kenya, with particular focus on Mumias Sugar Company Limited (MSC LTD). The researcher chose MSC Ltd because it is the largest Sugar Factory in Kenya that produces 67% Kenya's locally consumed sugar. MSC Ltd has conducted retrenchments, pointing to poor profitability as a result of poor budgeting that precipitated an investigation on the ground. The independent variables of the study included Sales budget, Production budget, Costs of goods sold budget and Marketing and administrative budget in Mumias Sugar Company Ltd. The dependent variable was profitability. The research used a descriptive study design using stratified random sampling. Data was collected using Questionnaires whereas tables and graphs were used to analyze data. The findings are that participation of all stakeholders in budget planning was limited, limited time for budgeting was allotted, rates used were rather sub standard, standard costing was missing, a comparative study was required, dissemination of budget planning information was limited and budget education to its employees missed and employee retrenchment has adversely affected the profitability of the company. The conclusion of the study revealed that there is a positive relationship between budgeting and profitability.

The purpose of the study was to analyze the determinants of cash flow management on performance practice of commercial banks in Kenya. Specific objectives of the study were to determine the effect of cash forecasting practice on performance of commercial banks in Kenya, to identify the effect of cash accounting practice on performance of commercial banks in Kenya. The study was based on Portfolio theory of Cash Management, Cash Management theory, Transaction Cost theory, Free Cash Flow theory and pecking order theory. The study used mixed research design which involves collecting and analyzing both qualitative and quantitative data. The target population of the study comprised the 6913 employees in management and supervisory cadres in commercial banks in Kenya. Stratified sampling technique was used to identify the sample size in every stratum. Data collection instruments were both structured and unstructured questionnaires. Data collection methods were both primary and secondary. The data was analyzed using Statistical Program for Social Sciences (SPSS) windows version 21.Multiple linear regression analysis was carried out to analyze the determinants of cash flow management on performance of commercial banks in Nairobi City County, Kenya. Pilot test was carried out for validity and reliability of research instruments. Regression analysis was carried out to test the significant levels of one variable to the other in the study. ANOVA was carried out to test the hypotheses of the study. The study is significant to the banking sector and the government of Kenya in formulation of different financial decisions and in policy making. The results of the study indicate that all the independent variable have a significant positive effect on performance of Commercial banks Kenya. The findings revealed that commercial banks in Kenya carry out cash flow forecasting practice and that inflation rates influence interest rates in commercial banks in Kenya. Cash accounting practice was found to be positively related to performance of commercial banks in Kenya. The study recommends that the management of commercial banks in Kenya should be enhanced through frequent audits to be able to curb interest rates especially the unanticipated inflation which adversely affects the functions of money by undermining wealth holders' confidence in its ability to be used as medium of exchange and store of value.

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