<p>In foreign language writing classroom, collaborative pre-writing activity is one of common activities used by students to help them generate and evaluate their ideas before they write a text. A teacher usually assigns students to work in pairs or groups to accomplish the activity. However, whether the number of participants in collaborative pre-writing activity influenced the quality of students’ writing or not is still mysterious that need to be investigated further.  This study tried to investigate the effect of the number of participants in collaborative pre-writing discussion on students’ writing quality. 30 participants from non-English department who were studying English as English Specific Purposes were involved in this study. They were required to write an explanation paragraph after being given a certain treatment. The result of the study revealed that the quality of students’ writing was not affected by the number of participants in collaborative pre-writing discussion. Therefore, the implication of the study is teacher can assign students to work collaboratively in pre-writing activity with two or more students. However, some factors need to be considered by teacher such as students learning style, the nature of task, etc.</p>

ABSTRAKTulisan ini adalah hasil kajian kepustakaan yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mengkonseptualisasikan teknik penilaian diri dalam keterampilan berbicara bahasa Jerman yang relevan dengan keterampilan yang harus dikuasai dalam menghadapi tantangan pendidikan abad XXI. Untuk merumuskan hasil kajian kepustakaan, lebih dari tiga artikel yang relevan dipelajari, direview, dibandingkan, dan disajikan oleh penulis untuk mencapai tujuan penelitian ini. Hasil kajian kepustakaan menunjukkan bahwa teknik penilaian diri adalah sebuah teknik penilaian yang efektif dan cocok untuk digunakan dalam perkembangan pendidikan abad XXI, karena  teknik penilaian tersebut mampu mengembangkan keterampilan berpikir kritis mahasiswa. Selain itu, teknik penilaian diri juga dapat mengidentifikan kekuatan dan kelemahan mahasiswa, sehingga mahasiswa dapat berinstrospeksi diri. Dengan demikian, mahasiswa dapat lebih menyadari kelebihan yang ada dalam dirinya serta mampu memperbaiki kelemahan yang dimilikinya secara kritis.Kata kunci: Penilaian diri, pendidikan abad 21, keterampilan berbicara bahasa Jerman ABSTRACT This writing based on the result of literature review that aimed to figure out and conceptualize self-assessment technique in German speaking skill that is relevant with skills which have to be mastered in facing the challenge of education in 21st century. To formulate the results of the literature review, more than three relevant articles were studied, reviewed, compared, and presented by the author in order to obtain the aim of this research. The result of the literature review shows that self-assessment is  effective and suitable  to be used in  in 21st century learning, because it is can improve  student’s critical thinking. Furthermore, self-assessment technique also the students can identify their strength and weakness, so that students can introspect themselves. Therefore, students can be more aware of their own strengths and be able to critically improve their weaknesses.Keywords: Self-assessment, education in 21st century, German speaking skill