<p><strong>Abstract:</strong> The success of online learning is largely determined by independent learning. Independent learning is influenced by several factors, one of them is achievement motivation. The aim of the study was to determine the correlation between student achievement motivation and independent learning during online learning. The research sample was 165 students of Primary School Teacher Education of PGRI University of Yogyakarta. The data were collected by using survey technique, while the data analysis technique used was correlation technique with Product Moment. The result of the study shows that there was a positive and significant relationship between achievement motivation and independent learning with 0.702 as amount of correlation coefficient. Meanwhile, the test result of determination coefficient shows that achievement motivation became 0.490 or 49% as predictor of independent learning.</p><strong>Abstrak:</strong><em> </em>Keberhasilan pembelajaran daring sangat ditentukan oleh kemandirian belajar. Kemandirian belajar dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, salah satunya motivasi berprestasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui besarnya hubungan motivasi berprestasi dengan kemandirian belajar mahasiswa saat pembelajaran daring. Sampel penelitian adalah mahasiswa PGSD Universitas PGRI Yogyakarta sebanyak 165 mahasiswa. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan survei, sedangkan teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah teknik korelasi dengan <em>Product Moment.</em> Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan positif dan signifikan antara motivasi berprestasi dengan kemandirian belajar dengan besar koefisien korelasi 0.702. Sementara itu, hasil uji koefisien determinasi menunjukkan motivasi berprestasi menjadi prediktor kemandirian belajar sebesar 0.490 atau 49%.

Critical thinking and computational thinking are important abilities to have in this century. The reality showed that learning of critical thinking and computational thinking have not been optimally accommodated. This study aims to analyze the learning needs in improving the critical thinking and computational thinking skills of elementary school students. The research subjects consisted of 144 grade IV students and 38 grade IV elementary school teachers spread across 12 districts in Kebumen Regency. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire on student and teacher needs as well as semi-structured interviews with grade IV teachers. The data analysis technique was carried out in a descriptive qualitative manner. The results of data analysis showed that 65.7% of teachers wanted interactive multimedia and 77.1% agreed that meaningful learning could be created using the inquiry method. Based on these needs, the media to be developed is a combination of interactive multimedia and inquiry method namely inquiry based interactive multimedia.

This study aims to develop interactive multimedia based on problem-based learning and to find out its effectiveness against increasing critical thinking skills. This research uses a Research and Development approach. The research data was obtained through the media validation sheet instrument by experts and the critical thinking skills test instrument. Data analysis in this study used the independent t-test. Based on the results of the media validation test by the expert shows that the interactive multimedia that has been developed has the criteria of "Good". Then the product effectiveness test results using the independent t-test showed that interactive multimedia based on problem-based learning proved to be able to improve critical thinking skills in students. The results of this discovery have implications in learning, namely to improve critical thinking skills in students, it can be done by using interactive multimedia based on problem-based learning.

Natural science was a lesson content that equipped and prepared students to have various essential skills for life; one of them is science process skill. However, natural science learning used for investing this skill was not run maximally, proven from the process and learning outcome. This research aimed to offer a solution related to that problem by developing Problem Based Learning-based interactive multimedia and effectiveness testing of PBL-based interactive multimedia to improve the science process skill. The research approach was research and development in which the research subjects consisted of students and teachers from cluster 01, Depok Sub-district, Sleman. The first field test obtained a score of 3.2, which was included in a mediate category, while the operational field test obtained a score of 4.3, which was included in the very good category. The independent t-test obtained a significance of 0.001 <0.05, meaning that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control classes. This research was implied that the learning media and model could influence the achievement of the student. Therefore, the selection should be well considered according to the learning characteristics and students.