Patients with unforeseen N2 (uN2) disease are traditionally considered to have an unfavorable prognosis. As preoperative and intraoperative mediastinal staging improved over time, the prevalence of uN2 changed. In this review, the current evidence on uN2 disease and its prevalence will be evaluated. A systematic literature search was performed to identify all studies or completed, published trials that included uN2 disease until 6 April 2023, without language restrictions. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to score the included papers. A total of 512 articles were initially identified, of which a total of 22 studies met the predefined inclusion criteria. Despite adequate mediastinal staging, the pooled prevalence of true unforeseen pN2 (9387 patients) was 7.97% (95% CI 6.67–9.27%), with a pooled OS after five years (892 patients) of 44% (95% CI 31–58%). Substantial heterogeneity regarding the characteristics of uN2 disease limited our meta-analysis considerably. However, it seems patients with uN2 disease represent a subcategory with a similar prognosis to stage IIb if complete surgical resection can be achieved, and the contribution of adjuvant therapy is to be further explored.

No abstract