Context: Pluchea indica (L.) Less (Asteraceae) is an herb used as a traditional medicine for wound healing. The chemical compounds found in Pluchea indica leaves are phenolic acids, flavonoids, anthocyanins and carotenoids.Objective: This study investigates the effect of Pluchea indica leaf ethanol extract and its nanoparticles (NPs) on cytotoxicity, cell survival and migration of human oral squamous carcinoma cell line. Materials and methods: Cell viability was measured using MTT assay to assess the effect of Pluchea indica leaf extract and NPs (1-500 lg/mL) on cytotoxicity and cell survival. The effect of Pluchea indica leaf extract and NPs on cell migration was determined by scratch assay. The % relative migration was calculated after 24, 48 and 72 h of treatment.Results: The sizes of Pluchea indica leaf extract NPs were in a range of nanometers. NPs possessed negative charge with the polydispersity index (PDI) smaller than 0.3. After the treatment for 24, 48 and 72 h, Pluchea indica leaf extract had IC 50 value of 443.2, 350.9 and 580.5 lg/mL, respectively, whereas the IC 50 value of NPs after the treatment for 24, 48 and 72 h were 177.4, 149.2 and 185.1 lg/mL, respectively. The % relative migration of cells was significantly increased when the cells were treated with 62.5 and 125 lg/mL of the extract and 62.5 lg/mL of NPs. Discussion and Conclusions: NPs increased cytotoxicity of the Pluchea indica leaf extract, increased the migration of cells at low concentration and increased colloidal stability of the extract in an oral spray formulation. ARTICLE HISTORY

The phytochemicals of the ethanolic extracts of unripe pulp and peel of banana fruits from several banana cultivars belonging to the Musa acuminata species (namely 'Kluai Namwa', 'Kluai Hom Thong', 'Kluai Leb Mu Nang', and 'Kluai Khai') were studied by color reaction test and HPTLC analysis. Kluai Khai pulp showed a highest amounts of ethanolic extractives (ca. 9.70±5.84% of dry material weight). The peel several banana showed similar qualitative phytochemicals. The major of phytochemicals identified in these extracts were alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and polyphenols. The antioxidant activity was assessed using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay. The analysed Kluai Hom Thong peel ethanolic extract showed a highest antioxidant activity at IC50 = 3.25±0.52 μg/ml and Kluai Hom Thong peel ethanolic extract showed a highest tyrosinase inhibitory effect at IC50 = 2.25±0.91 μg/ml. Kluai Hom Thong peel could be provide a potential natural source of bioactive compounds and could be beneficial to the cosmetic properties.