The epidemiological and clinical features of Brugia timori filariasis in a newly established village, Karakuak, West Flores, is described. The microfilarial rate by finger stick and Nuclepore filtration was 24% and 30%, respectively, and the disease rate 64%. Infected persons were found in every family and household with no predominant age or sex preference. Development of elephantiasis in the population was associated with residence in the new village of Karakuak, where extensive rice field cultivation was initiated soon after arrival. The irrigated fields provided excellent breeding sites for the vector, Anopheles barbirostris. People with no previous exposure to the parasite developed elephantiasis earlier and more frequently than those originating from other endemic areas.

No abstract

Abstrak Malaria falsiparun resisten klorokuin uerupakan nt na di lrian Jaya Arteneter adalah obat antinalaria baru yang dilap rersedia di Indonesia. Dalam rangka nendapatkan obat a.ntinnlaria kuin, telah nbuhan radikal. Abstract especiauy in lrian Jaya-Artenrether is a new antinnrariar drug, 1'et avairabre in Indonesia. To obtain an ahernative antittrurariar

Diagnosis penyakit nalaria ditegakkan dengan nenenukan parasit dalan darah penderita. Hingga saat ini diagnosis nalaria dilnkukan dengan cara konvensional dengan nenbuat sediaan darah tebal atau tipis yang dipulas dengan pewarnaan Giensa dan diperiksa dengan nùkroskop cahaya. Dalant penelitian ini dikcnukakan suaru cara baru wttuk mendiagnosis nalariafalsiparwn, yaitu dengan "Rapid Manual Test" ("RM test"). Cara ini lebih mudah dilakukan karena tidak nenerlukan pulasan warna dan petneriksaan nûkroskop. Tes ini dapat nrendeteksi antigen PJalciparunt terlarut y(t,19 berasal dari stadiun trofozoit, yaitu histidine-rich protein-Il (HRP-II). RM tes ini ircrupakan suatu "dipstick test" yang nengandung antibodi nonoklonal terhadap HRP-IL Pada penelitian ini dilakukan uji coba "RM tes" ini yang dilakuknn pada pengunjung Runnh Sakit International Tinùer Corporation Indonesia (ITCI), Kenangan, Balikpapan, Kalinantan Tinur yang nerupakan daerah endenik nalaria. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui sensitivitas dan spesifisitas tes tersebut terhadap infeksi P.falciparwn dan menbandingkarurya dengan netode diagnostik yang konvensional. Berdasarkan I 17 sediaan darah yang diperiksa, 33,3% sediaan nenunjukkan positif malaria falsiparutn dan 53,0% sediaan negaûf, baik dengan "RM test" naupun dengan cara konvensional, sedangkan sisanya 13,7% sediaan nenunjukkan hasil yang berbeda, yaitu 93,870 sediaan positifpada "RM test", tetapi negatif dengan cara konvensional dan 6,2% sediaan negaîifpada "RM testn tetapi positif dengan cora konvensional. Ternyata sensitivitas pada 'RM test" adalah 97.5% dan spesifisitasnya 80,5% dibandingkan dengan cara konvensional. Gejala klinis pada 6O penderita yang diperiksa yang terbanyak adalah sakit kepala (42,9%) disusul dengan tnenggigil (42,6%), denan di atas 37,50C (37,5%), tnual ataununtah (48,8%) dan "RM test" posirif 44,2% padasalahsaru gejalaklinis atau lebih. Penderita dengan splenonegali sebanyak 50,0% dan dengan konjungtiva pucat 45,5%. Sebagai kesimpulan dapat dikntakan bahwa " RM test" cukup sersitifsehingga dapat digunakan untuk nenggantikan cara konvensional dalan nenegakkan diagnosis penyakit nalaria falsiparum secara cepat dan tidak nenerlukan nikroskLtp. Cara ini dapat digunakan di runah sakit4erifer yang tidak uenpunyaifasilitas tersebut dan tidak uenerlu.knn tenaga nikroskopis khusus untuk nnlaria yang nanang sangat kurang.

Hemoglobin J Manado was found i n 1957 in the father and two children of a Minahassan family originating from Manado, Northern Sulawesi, Indonesia.Present studies demonstrate that the structural anomaly in J Manado is located in the PT5 section of the hemoglobin molecule; the glycyl group normally found at the p-56 position, or the pD7 position of the D-helix, is replaced by an aspartyl group.Previous work had established that the same structural change occurs in Hemoglobin J Meinung, seen in Chinese residents of Taiwan, as well as in Hemoglobin J Korat or J Bangkok found in Thai subjects.The origins and ethnic background of the Minahassan people are obscure; their relatively large stature, light complexion, and language serve to set them from all other groups in Indonesia as well as Southeast Asia. They have no apparent ethnic connection either with Chinese or Thais, however, because of the relative geographical proximities of the three groups it appears likely that the occurrence of the same hemoglobin variant within all three can be explained by gene flow rather than by separate mutations.Among the numerous hemoglobin variants found thus far in Southeast Asian ethnic groups, several have the singly-fast electrophoretic mobility commonly associated with the J or K hemoglobins. One of the early reports of such a J-type hemoglobin concerned an Indonesian family of Minahassan stock from Manado, in Northern Sulawesi, which was studied during 1957 in Djakarta (Lie-Injo, '58). Recently, several members of the same family were reinvestigated in order to determine the nature of the structural anomaly in their fast hemoglobin component. As reported below the hemoglobin, J Manado, was found to have an aspartyl group in place of glycyl at the p-56 position. The same structural change has been found previously in Chinese (Blackwell and Liu, '66) and Thais (Clegg, Naughton and Weatherall, '66; Blackwell and Liu, '66). MATERIALS AND METHODSTen milliliter specimens of whole blood were obtained in Djakarta from four members of the Minahassan family. Three of those sampled were known from the previous study '58) to have A 3-J Manado hemoglobins; one other family member had not previously been tested.The red cells from the four specimens were washed with saline and carried by air to Taipei for analysis.As stated previously (Blackwell, Ro, Liu, Yang, Wang and Huang, '69) the analytical methods used routinely in Taipei for the structure studies on hemoglobin variants incorporates numerous standard procedures developed by other workers. Reference to those methods have been listed in other reports (Blackwell and Liu, '66, '68; Blackwell, Yang and Wang, '69). Specific cleavages of methionyl peptide bonds used in the present study were accomplished by the cyanogen bromide method of Gross and Witkop ('62), using 70% formic acid as outlined by Steers et al. ('65 was evident that the pT5 peptide and its companion, the pT5-oxidized peptide, were displaced from their usual positions to new ones nearer the anode. The increased a...