Due to phase separation in the silicate melt, the synthesis of fluorosmectites
([Na0.5]inter[Mg2.5Li0.5]oct[Si4]tetO10F2) from the melt without mechanical mixing yields an
inhomogeneous material. Because of the solid solution capability of the 2:1 layer silicate
structure, the nonuniformity in chemical and mineral composition inevitably will lead to
fluorosmectites that adopt a range of charge densities. This will be detrimental to many
possible applications due to the large influence of layer charge on the properties of clay
minerals. The problem can be circumvented by rotating the crucible during synthesis in a
horizontal mounting, which will continuously force mixing of the melt mechanically. The
product obtained is homogeneous at all length scales as judged by chemical analysis and its
uniform intracrystalline reactivity. Noteworthy is its tendency to form regularly interstratified intercalates of monolayers and bilayers upon alkylammonium exchange and of rectorite
type phases upon partial K+ exchange. We expect that the two dissimilar types of galleries,
which are stacked in a regularly alternating pattern, can be selectively addressedleading
to interesting intercalation materials.
Fluorosmectite, [M0.5]zwi[Mg2.5Li0.5]okt[Si4]tetO10F2 (M = Na, K, Rb, Cs), wurden über eine Schmelzsynthese in gasdicht verschweißten Mo‐Tiegeln dargestellt. Bei gleichbleibender, im Bereich der Smectite liegender, Schichtladung von x = 0.5 nimmt sowohl die Kristallitgröße als auch die Stapelordnung mit größer werdendem Zwischenschichtkation zu. Während beim mikrokristallinen Na‐Hectorit sowohl Rotations‐ (n120° und n60°) als auch Translationsfehlordnung (±0.145b) vorliegt, findet man für K‐Hectorit dagegen nur noch ±b/3 Translationsfehlordnung. Rb‐ und Cs‐Hectorit zeigen schließlich ein normales Bragg‐Beugungsmuster. Mit Cäsium als Zwischenschichtkation kann man vollkommen geordnete und sogar einkristalline Hectorite herstellen, die keinerlei diffuse Streuung mehr zeigen und eine Einkristallstrukturanalyse erlauben (monoklin, 1M—Polytyp, C2/m, a = 5.2401(10)Å, b = 9.0942(10) Å, c = 10.7971(10)Å, β = 99.21 (2)°, V = 507.90(12) Å3, Z = 2). Diese 3D geordneten Smectite besitzen immer noch eine ausreichende intrakristalline Reaktivität, die einen schnellen und vollständigen Austausch gegen Organokationen erlaubt.
When pillaring a well crystalline synthetic hectorite using molecular pillars, we obtained a truly microporous material for the first time that displays long range order of the pillars and consequently a narrow pore size distribution.
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