Summary:Reference ranges for -amylase in serum, spontaneously voided urine, and 24h urine were determined, using 4,6-ethylidene-(G7)-l-4-nitrophenyl-(Gl)-a,£)-malthoheptaoside äs the Substrate (EPS method), at 25, 30, and 37 °C. The measured values were evaluated with and without the use of a factor which converts the results of the -amylase EPS method into values comparable to those obtained with the -amylase PNP method (substrate: 4-nitrophenyl-a,£>-matoheptaoside); comparison with the established reference ranges of the PNP method was therefore possible. Ttie values for urine sometimes deviated markedly ffom the PNP reference ranges, but the values for serum showed close agreement. With the use of the conversion factor, the following reference ranges are proposed for the new -amylase method:
ZUSAMMENFASSUNG :Es wurde die Superkontraktion sowie das differentialkalorimetrische Verhalten von Corriedale-Wolle in anion-und kationaktiven Tensidlosungen untersucht. Dabei ergab sich, daB bei pH 7 die Temperatur des Kontraktionsbeginnes und der Betrag der Faserschrumpfung durch die Tenside gegenuber Wasser herabgesetzt wird. Besonders wirksam ist in dieser Hinsicht das kationaktive Dodecylaminhydrochlorid. Bei den differentialkalorimetrischen Messungen zeigte sich in Dodecylaminhydrochlorid-Losungen eine sehr starke Verbreiterung des Peaks und eine erhebliche Abnahme der Umwandlungswanne. Die Unterschiede in der Temperaturlage zwischen Superkontraktion und kalorischen Messungen sind durch die verschiedenen Aufheizbedingungen zu erklaren.I n sauren Dodecylaminhydrochlorid-Losungen (pH 2,5) ist im Gegensatz zum neutritlen Milieu der Umwandlungspeak gegenuber dem in dest. Wasser nahezu unverandert, wahrend er in sauren Natriumdodecylsulfat (Nds)-Losungen vollstandig verschwindet, da die Umwandlung hier zu unscharf ist. Dieses Verhalten wird so gedeutet, daB eine starke Sorption des anionaktiven Tensids an den protonierten basischen Gruppen s t a t t h d e t und durch die in die Faser eingelagerten Tensidmicellen wahrscheinlich eine Schwachung der hydrophoben Wechselwirkungen eintritt.
SUMMARY:Supercontraction and DTA-measurements of Corriedale-wool in solutions of anion-and kation-active detergents were carried out at various pH. The tempera-
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G. EBERT und W. STEINture Ts and the amount of the fibre shrinkage were lowered at pH 7 by the detergents especially in dodecylamine-hydrochlorid (Dah) solutions. The DTA peak in Dah-solutions a t pH 7 is broadened to high extent and the heat of transition is decreased drastically.At low pH-values -e. g. 2,5 -the DTA peak in Dah-solutions is unchanged in respective to that in pure water. In contrast the peak in acid solutions of sodium dodecylsulphate (Nds) has disappeared completely because the transition process has lost its cooparative character. This behaviour can be explained by the adsorption of the anion-active detergent caused by the protonated basic groups and the splitting of salt-bridges in the acid medium. In this way the hydrophobic interactions stabilizing the fibre structure are weakened and therefore the order-disorder transition begins already a t low temperatures and takes place in a wide range.
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