Background: Adiponectin is a well-known adipokines with anti-inflammatory effects. Leptin is known as its effect on food intake and energy. Here in present study we aimed to evaluate possible effect of soy supplementation on circulating adiponectin and leptin. Methods: Systematic search performed up to April 2020 in the following databases: PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane. All RCTs which evaluated the effect soy supplementation on adiponectin and leptin concentration were included. Results: According to our analysis on 14 studies, in overall, soy supplementation had significant effect on adiponectin concentration. Furthermore, soy supplementation has no significant effect on serum leptin concentration, but subgroup analysis showed significant increase in leptin concentration in studies with doses more than 20 g/day of soy supplementation. Conclusion: Soy supplementation has significant increasing effect on adiponectin level. Whilst pooled effect size did not show any significant effect of soy product supplementation on leptin level. What is already known about this topic?* Some previous studies have shown the beneficial effects of soy supplementation. * There has been no meta-analyses to summarize the effect of soy supplementation on circulating adiponectin and leptin in adults. What does this article add?* This study is the first systematic review and meta-analysis that has been designed to evaluate the effect of soy supplementation on circulating adiponectin and leptin in adults.* The present study suggests that soy supplementation has significant increasing effect on adiponectin level. * However, pooled effect size did not show any significant effect of soy product supplementation on leptin level.