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This study aimed to evaluate the structural equation modeling of the influences between Lean healthcare strategies, internal quality management and hospitals' core competencies as medical care centers entering the ASEAN Economic Community. The populations and sample groups in this study included 384 HA officers. The research was conducted from December 2012 to August 2013, and the research method involved purposive sampling through questionnaires. A statistical data analysis was performed using Structural Equation Modeling analysis. This study found that 1) Lean healthcare strategies indirectly influenced hospitals' core competencies as medical centers entering the ASEAN Economic Community through internal quality management at the 0.01 significance level, 2) Lean healthcare strategies directly influenced hospitals' core competencies as medical centers entering the ASEAN Economic Community at the 0.01 significance level; 3) Lean healthcare strategies directly influenced internal quality management at the 0.01 significance level; and 4) internal quality management directly influenced hospitals' core competencies as medical centers entering the ASEAN Economic Community at the 0.01 significance level.

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Over the past several years the COVID-19 pandemic has devasted Thailand’s economy while simultaneously destroying the ability of numerous snack food enterprises to sell their home-grown products domestically and to export to the broader international community. Therefore, the purpose of the research was to investigate which factors affected the export performance (XPE) of Thai One Tambon One Product (OTOP) entrepreneur snack food products. From a list of OTOP export producers, the authors used systematic random sampling across six Thai regions to select the study’s 311 export entrepreneurs. The structural equation model (SEM) analysis used LISREL 9.1 to determine the validity of the causal model and the variable interrelationships and how they affected OTOP snack food XPE. The SEM results revealed that innovative products (IPT), innovative processes (IPS), packaging design (PAD), the marketing mix strategy (MMS), and product quality (PDQ) all positively influenced XPE. Also, the total effect values for MMS, PAD, PDQ, IPT, and IPS, were 0.27, 0.22, 0.21, 0.15, and 0.05, respectively. Nine of the eleven hypotheses examined were supported, with PAD being shown to strongly influence MMS. This paper makes a significant contribution to the global discussion concerning rural poverty reduction, rural employment, and entrepreneurial handicraft export performance.