While much research exists on specificational clauses, this paper is the first to systematically use real corpus examples to examine the meaning potential of prosody in signalling informational value in specificational clauses. Carefully distinguishing between two senses of information structure-the relational and the referential-we show that the interplay of prosody and specificational clause, reversed and non-reversed, is far from random. In the majority of nonreversed clauses, we found that the value and variable were realised in different tone units. Thus, claims that the value will receive the focal accent were found to be overly simplistic. Instead, where the variable and value were realised across different tone units the prosodic choice was motivated by the variable's discourse status and relative unpredictability. Rising tones presented the value as non-exhaustive, allowing for multiple values for a single variable. This re-enforced the projected lack of epistemic certainty. As expected, reversed specificationals were found to be produced mostly as single tone units; contrary to expectation, their focal accent was often on the variable. This, we noted, was likely due to the high incidence of demonstrative values in subject position. To conclude, our innovative approach demonstrates the importance of examining the interplay between syntax, discourse and prosody in explicating the meaning potential of constructions such as specificational clauses.
This paper investigates the use of aspect and modality in English predicative and specificational copulars. To
examine attractions of aspectual and modal meanings to the VPs in the copular constructions, I carry out collostructional analyses
(Stefanowitsch & Gries 2003). These attractions are interpreted with respect to
(i) the lexicogrammatically coded meaning of the copular clauses and (ii) the pragmatic mechanisms that they trigger (e.g.
(non-)exhaustiveness implicature), and (iii) the discursive functions they serve in specific contexts of use. It is crucial that
this study takes into account specificational copulars with indefinite vs definite variable NPs, which carry an implicature of
non-exhaustiveness vs exhaustiveness respectively. I will argue that the felicity of specific aspectual construals is related to
the meanings coded at level (i), while the attraction of modal verbs is related to all three levels.
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