Atmospheric new-particle formation (NPF) affects climate by contributing to a large fraction of the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) drive the early particle growth and therefore substantially influence the survival of newly formed particles to CCN. Nitrogen oxide (NOx) is known to suppress the NPF driven by HOMs, but the underlying mechanism remains largely unclear. Here, we examine the response of particle growth to the changes of HOM formation caused by NOx. We show that NOx suppresses particle growth in general, but the suppression is rather nonuniform and size dependent, which can be quantitatively explained by the shifted HOM volatility after adding NOx. By illustrating how NOx affects the early growth of new particles, a critical step of CCN formation, our results help provide a refined assessment of the potential climatic effects caused by the diverse changes of NOx level in forest regions around the globe.

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There are no significant differences in serum creatinine, haematocrit and albumin values between CYP3A5 expressers and non-expressers. CYP3A5 expressers have decreased dose-adjusted tacrolimus C when compared to non-expressers. Dose-adjusted C of tacrolimus increases in a time-dependent manner in both groups.

The reported antibiotics in the therapy of infections caused by veillonella species include penicillins, metronidazole, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, imipenem, clindamycin, doxycycline, erythromycin and chloramphenicol. To our knowledge, this is the first case describing successful treatment of V. parvula-caused sepsis with chloramphenicol.

Single-dose Jintrolong injection was well tolerated in healthy adult subjects, and the maximum tolerable dose was no lower than 0.8 mg/kg. Jintrolong was long-acting with the potential for weekly administration.